The Islamic Philosophy and its Theory of Divine Law

In Islamic jurisprudence, the Quran is considered the primary source of law, as it is believed to contain the direct revelations of God to the Prophet Muhammad.

The Sunnah refers to the collection of sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, which are considered to be a secondary source of law in Islamic jurisprudence.

Ijma is the process of reaching a consensus among Islamic scholars on a legal matter. It is considered to be a strong source of law, as it represents the collective opinion of the Muslim community.

Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning in Islamic jurisprudence, where a new legal ruling is derived from an existing ruling based on their similarities.

Ijtihad is the term used for the independent reasoning of a qualified Islamic scholar on a legal matter, where they use their knowledge of the Quran, Sunnah, and other sources of law to derive a ruling.

Taqlid is the term used for following the rulings of a qualified Islamic scholar without independent reasoning. It is a common practice among Muslims who lack the knowledge or expertise to engage in ijtihad.

In Islamic philosophy, justice is understood as giving each person their due rights and fulfilling their obligations. It encompasses both individual rights and social responsibilities.

In Islamic law, reason is used to interpret the Quran and Sunnah, as well as to derive new legal rulings through ijtihad. However, reason is not considered to be a primary source of law.

In Islamic law, revelation, as contained in the Quran and Sunnah, is considered to be the primary source of law. It provides the foundation for all other sources of law, including reason and consensus.

Maslahah in Islamic law refers to the concept of public interest or welfare. It is a key consideration in deriving legal rulings, as the goal of Islamic law is to promote the well-being of the Muslim community.

Shariah refers to the Islamic legal system, which is derived from the Quran, Sunnah, and other sources of Islamic law. It encompasses all aspects of life, including personal, social, political, and economic matters.

Fiqh refers to Islamic jurisprudence, which is the study and application of Islamic law. It involves the interpretation of legal texts, the derivation of new rulings, and the application of law to specific cases.

Ijtihad refers to the process of independent reasoning by a qualified Islamic scholar to derive legal rulings from the sources of Islamic law. It is a dynamic process that allows for the adaptation of Islamic law to changing circumstances.

Taqlid refers to the practice of following the rulings of a qualified Islamic scholar without engaging in independent reasoning. It is a common practice among Muslims who lack the knowledge or expertise to engage in ijtihad.

Qiyas refers to the process of analogical reasoning in Islamic law, where a new legal ruling is derived from an existing ruling based on their similarities. It is one of the methods used by Islamic scholars to derive new rulings from the sources of Islamic law.