Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

The primary purpose of irrigation is to supply water to crops and plants to support their growth and development.

Furrow irrigation involves creating furrows or channels in the field and allowing water to flow through them, flooding the field.

The main purpose of a drainage system is to remove excess water from the soil, preventing waterlogging and creating favorable conditions for plant growth.

Subsurface drainage systems involve installing perforated pipes underground to collect and remove excess water from the soil.

Crop water requirement refers to the amount of water needed by a crop to meet its physiological needs and achieve optimal growth.

Drip irrigation is known for its high efficiency and water conservation, as it delivers water directly to the root zone of plants, minimizing evaporation and runoff.

Infiltration refers to the process by which water enters the soil profile from the surface.

Surface drainage involves constructing channels or ditches to collect and remove excess water from the field surface.

Transpiration refers to the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves.

Sprinkler irrigation involves spraying water over the field in a controlled manner using rotating sprinklers.

Water resources management refers to the process of managing water resources to meet the needs of various users, including agriculture, industry, and domestic use.

Terracing involves constructing terraces or embankments along the contour lines of a slope to control erosion and improve drainage.

Evapotranspiration refers to the process by which water moves from the soil surface to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration.

Drip irrigation involves applying water directly to the root zone of plants through emitters or drippers, minimizing evaporation and runoff.

Irrigation efficiency refers to the process of determining the efficiency of an irrigation system in delivering water to crops.