C++ Programming Fundamentals Quiz

This question lacks context, but 'guarded' is not a valid access specifier in C++. The standard C++ access specifiers are public, protected, and private. If the question asks for a non-C++ specifier, 'guarded' is correct.

In C++, logical NOT (!) has higher precedence than logical AND (&&) and logical OR (||). This means expressions like !a && b are evaluated as (!a) && b, not !(a && b). The precedence hierarchy places unary operators above binary logical operators.

In C++, true and false are bool keywords that convert to 1 and 0 respectively in integer contexts. However, the expression true == false is always false regardless of variable type because both are bool constants. The answer depends on context - for bool variables, only true and false values exist; for other types converted to bool, any non-zero value is true and zero is false.

kbhit() is a non-standard conio.h function that checks if a keyboard key has been pressed. sin() is a math function from , and tmpnam() generates temporary file names from . Among these, only kbhit() is primarily associated with keyboard/input handling rather than general computation.

This question is missing context, but option char *a=new char[20]; is the correct C++ syntax to dynamically allocate an array of 20 characters and assign its address to a pointer. The other options contain syntax errors.

In C/C++, 7/9 is integer division. Both operands are integers, so the result is 0 (truncated), not 0.777. Then 0*9 = 0. Floating-point division would require at least one float operand (e.g., 7.0/9 or 7/(float)9).

The post-increment operator m++ returns the current value of m (0) then increments it. Since this return value is used for the function's return, v() returns 0. The increment happens but the incremented value is never used.

In C/C++ operator precedence, the unary logical NOT operator (!) has the highest precedence and is evaluated before the binary logical AND (&&) and logical OR (||) operators.

kbhit() is a non-standard DOS/Windows function from conio.h that checks if a key has been pressed. sin() is a standard math function, and tmpnam() is a standard C/C++ function for generating temporary filenames. ANSI C++ does not include kbhit().

For signed integers, continuous increment eventually overflows into negative values (undefined behavior in C++, but typically wraps to negative on most systems). For unsigned integers, overflow wraps to zero. For floating-point types, overflow becomes infinity. So the behavior depends entirely on the variable type.

In C/C++, all strings composed of character arrays are null-terminated, meaning they end with the null character '\0' (ASCII value 0). This is how functions like strlen() and strcpy() know where the string ends. The dot '.' and '\END' are not string terminators.

A constructor is a special member function that initializes the data members of a class. It has the same name as the class and is automatically called when an object is created. Destructors clean up resources when objects are destroyed, and 'Constitutor' is not a valid C++ term.

C++ is case-sensitive, meaning identifiers like 'Main', 'main', and 'MAIN' are treated as completely different symbols. This applies to variable names, function names, keywords, and all other identifiers. The compiler distinguishes strictly by character case.

The float data type is used in C/C++ to store single-precision floating-point (decimal) numbers. unsigned int stores non-negative integers, and char stores single characters or small integers.