Programming Language History Quiz

ML was designed by Robin Milner at the University of Edinburgh in 1973. It was a pioneering functional programming language that introduced polymorphic type inference and pattern matching.

ANSI Common Lisp standard was published in 1994, providing a standardized specification for the Lisp dialect. Common Lisp itself evolved from earlier Lisp work in the 1980s.

JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape in 1995, originally named Mocha and then LiveScript before becoming JavaScript. It was designed for web browser scripting in just 10 days.

PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 as 'Personal Home Page' tools. It evolved into a server-side scripting language that powers much of the web, especially through its LAMP stack popularity.

Rebol was created by Carl Sassenrath in 1997. It was designed as a lightweight, cross-platform messaging language with a simple syntax and powerful data manipulation capabilities.

The C# programming language was developed by Anders Hejlsberg and his team at Microsoft and was officially announced and released in the year 2000.

JavaFX Script was introduced by Sun Microsystems in 2008 as a scripting language for JavaFX rich internet applications. It was designed to simplify UI development for the JavaFX platform.

Forth was created by Charles Moore in 1970 while working at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. It's a stack-based language known for its simplicity and extensibility, often used in embedded systems.

Eiffel was created by Bertrand Meyer in 1985. It pioneered design-by-contract principles and is known for its strong emphasis on object-oriented programming, software correctness, and reusable components.

Smalltalk was developed at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, and others, with Smalltalk-72 released in 1972. It pioneered pure object-oriented programming where everything is an object.

C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup, starting with 'C with Classes' in 1979 and officially named C++ in 1983. It extended C with object-oriented features, becoming one of the most widely used languages.

Erlang was developed by Ericsson in 1986 by Joe Armstrong and others. It was designed for massive concurrency, high availability, and distributed systems, becoming popular in telecommunications.

Perl was created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. The other options (1952, 1975, 1962) are all too early for Perl, which was developed in the late 1980s for text processing and system administration tasks.

The FL (Functional Language) was developed at IBM in the late 1980s, with 1989 being correct. FL was designed as a successor to Backus's FP language and was part of the functional programming research at IBM.

Python was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. The other options (1957, 1963, 1964) are all incorrect as Python was a product of the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Ruby was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in Japan and first released in 1993. The other options (1958, 1971, 1970) are all too early for Ruby.

Autocode was developed by Alick Glennie for the Mark 1 computer at Manchester in 1952, making it one of the first high-level programming languages.

FORTRAN development began at IBM in 1954 under John Backus, with the first compiler released in 1957. The question asks when it was invented (development started), so 1954 is correct.

FLOW-MATIC was developed by Grace Hopper at Remington Rand in 1955-1956, with 1955 being the correct year. It was the first English-like data processing language.