Self and Ontology in Indian Philosophy

The Upanishads teach that the true self is the universal soul, or Brahman, which is the source of all existence. The individual soul, or Atman, is a reflection of Brahman and is identical with it.

The Samkhya school of philosophy teaches that the self is a separate entity from the body. The body is made up of matter, while the self is made up of consciousness. The self is the knower, while the body is the known.

The Yoga school of philosophy teaches that the self is a separate entity from the mind. The mind is made up of thoughts, feelings, and emotions, while the self is the witness of these mental states. The self is the unchanging observer, while the mind is the changing object of observation.

The Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy teaches that the self is both the agent and the object of liberation. The self is the one who seeks liberation, and it is also the one who attains liberation. Liberation is the realization of the true nature of the self, which is Brahman.

The self is often described as being eternal, unchanging, blissful, and unlimited. However, the concept of a limited self is not found in Indian philosophy.

Moksha is the term for the state of liberation in Indian philosophy. It is the goal of all spiritual practices and is achieved when the self realizes its true nature, which is Brahman.

The individual self, the universal self, and the transcendental self are all types of self according to Indian philosophy. However, the cosmic self is not a type of self.

The Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy teaches that the self and the world are one. This is because the world is a manifestation of the self. The self is the source of all existence, and the world is a reflection of the self.

Meditation, yoga, and bhakti are all methods of self-realization according to Indian philosophy. Karma is not a method of self-realization, but rather a way of living in the world.

The guru plays a vital role in the process of self-realization according to Indian philosophy. The guru is the one who teaches the disciple the path to liberation, helps the disciple to overcome obstacles on the path to liberation, and guides the disciple to the state of liberation.

The Nyaya school of philosophy teaches that the self is eternal, unchanging, and atomic. However, it does not teach that the self is blissful.

The Dvaita Vedanta school of philosophy teaches that the self and the world are separate. This is because the world is a manifestation of Brahman, which is different from the self.

The Mimamsa school of philosophy teaches that the self is either the individual self or the universal self. It does not teach that the self is the cosmic self or the transcendental self.

The Vishishtadvaita school of philosophy teaches that the self is both the agent and the object of liberation. This is because the self is a part of Brahman, which is the source of all existence. The self is the one who seeks liberation, and it is also the one who attains liberation.

The Vaisheshika school of philosophy teaches that the self is eternal, unchanging, and atomic. However, it does not teach that the self is blissful.