Language Contact: Typology and Language Contact

Language contact is the process by which two or more languages come into contact with each other and influence each other's development.

Convergence is not a type of language contact, but rather a result of language contact. It refers to the process by which two or more languages become more similar over time.

A creole is a new language that develops from the contact between two or more languages. It is typically spoken by a community of people who have no other common language.

Pidgins are not stable languages. They are typically used for communication between people who do not share a common language, and they can change rapidly over time.

Creolization is the process by which a pidgin becomes a creole. It occurs when a pidgin is adopted by a community of people as their native language.

Code-switching is not a type of language borrowing. It is a type of language contact in which speakers switch between two or more languages in the same conversation.

A loanword is a word that is borrowed from another language.

Loan phonology is not a type of calque. It is a type of language borrowing in which a word from one language is adapted to the phonological system of another language.

A semantic shift is a change in the meaning of a word.

Semantic convergence is not a type of language convergence. It is a type of language change in which the meanings of words in two or more languages become more similar.

Language divergence is the process by which two or more languages become more different over time.

Cultural separation is not a factor that can contribute to language divergence. In fact, cultural contact can often lead to language convergence.

Language shift is the process by which a language is replaced by another language.

Geographical isolation is not a factor that can contribute to language shift. In fact, geographical isolation can often lead to language divergence.

Language death is the process by which a language becomes extinct.