International Agreements on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The UNFCCC was the first international environmental treaty that addressed climate change. It set the goal of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.

The Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting legally binding targets for developed countries. It required these countries to reduce their emissions by an average of 5% below 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012.

Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2011, arguing that the agreement was unfair as it did not include binding targets for developing countries and that it would harm the country's economy.

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. It also aims to increase the ability of countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change and make finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.

The Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a market-based mechanism that allows countries to trade emissions permits. It enables countries that have surplus emission permits to sell them to countries that need them, thereby reducing the overall cost of achieving emission reduction targets.

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are national plans and policies that outline each country's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. These contributions are submitted by each country as part of the Paris Agreement.

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement that aims to phase out the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases. It was adopted in 2016 and entered into force in 2019.

The Global Methane Pledge is an international agreement launched in 2021 with the goal of reducing global methane emissions by 30% by 2030. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times higher than carbon dioxide.

The UNFCCC, adopted in 1992, aims to promote international cooperation on climate change research and technology transfer. It also provides a framework for各国制定和实施应对气候变化的国家政策和措施。

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a global fund established to provide financial assistance to developing countries for climate change mitigation and adaptation projects. It was established in 2010 as part of the UNFCCC.

REDD+ is an international agreement that aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It provides financial incentives to developing countries to protect their forests and reduce deforestation rates.

CORSIA is a global scheme developed by ICAO to reduce carbon emissions from international aviation. It requires airlines to offset the growth in their carbon emissions above a certain baseline.

The Cancun Adaptation Framework, adopted in 2010, aims to promote international cooperation on climate change adaptation and resilience. It provides a framework for countries to develop and implement adaptation strategies and plans.

The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts, established in 2013, aims to provide financial assistance to developing countries for loss and damage caused by climate change impacts.

The Doha Climate Change Conference, held in 2012, resulted in the adoption of a decision on climate change education, training, and public awareness. This decision aims to promote international cooperation on these issues.