Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes, previously known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy production and storage.

In a healthy individual, fasting blood sugar levels typically range from 70 to 100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter).

Gestational Diabetes is a type of Diabetes that develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. It is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to hormonal changes and increased insulin resistance during pregnancy.

Hyperglycemia refers to abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood, typically above 180 mg/dL. It is a characteristic feature of Diabetes Mellitus.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and by inhibiting the uptake of glucose by cells.

Hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood, typically below 70 mg/dL. It can occur in individuals with Diabetes who take too much insulin or skip meals.

Frequent urination, excessive thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss are all common symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus.

Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, which is a sign of elevated blood sugar levels and can be an indication of Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 Diabetes, previously known as adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

The primary treatment for Type 1 Diabetes is insulin therapy, which involves taking insulin injections or using an insulin pump to regulate blood sugar levels.

Heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage are all potential complications of Diabetes Mellitus if it is not properly managed.

Regular exercise, a healthy diet, weight management, and stress management are all recommended lifestyle modifications for individuals with Diabetes Mellitus to help manage their blood sugar levels.

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack and destroy the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin.

Obesity, physical inactivity, family history of Diabetes, and age over 45 are all potential risk factors for developing Type 2 Diabetes.