Great Inventions and Scientific Discoveries

Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre Curie, discovered radium in 1898 through their research on radioactivity. They isolated the radioactive element from pitchblende ore and named it after the Latin word for ray. Marie Curie was a pioneer in the study of radioactivity and won two Nobel Prizes.

Sir Frank Whittle, a British Royal Air Force engineer, invented the turbojet engine in the 1930s and patented the design in 1930. His invention revolutionized aviation by enabling jet-powered flight, though Germany's Hans von Ohain independently developed a similar engine around the same time.

The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, who patented it in 1876. This falls in the 1870s decade, making option C correct. Bell's invention of the telephone revolutionized communication by enabling voice transmission over electrical wires, founding an industry that would transform global connectivity.

Cohen and Boyer developed recombinant DNA technology in 1973, the foundation of modern genetic engineering. Their technique allowed scientists to cut and splice DNA from different organisms, revolutionizing biotechnology.

Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1867 as a safer alternative to nitroglycerin. He patented his invention, which used diatomaceous earth to stabilize the explosive compound, making it less sensitive to shock.

Habiba Sorabhi was appointed as the first woman governor of a province in Afghanistan, breaking gender barriers in political leadership. This was a milestone in Afghan women's political participation.

Bula Chaudhury, an Indian long-distance swimmer, was the first woman to swim across oceans from five continents. Her achievement is a record in open-water endurance swimming.