Ancient Indian Science: Optics and Astronomy

Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the father of Indian optics due to his significant contributions to the field.

The Yantra Raj Yantra was an instrument designed by Indian scientists to accurately measure the angle of incidence of light.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, discovered the phenomenon of atmospheric refraction, which explains the bending of light as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere.

The Vrihat Samhita, written by Varahamihira, is an ancient Indian treatise that extensively discusses the properties of light, vision, and various optical phenomena.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, proposed the theory of 'Khagola' (astronomy) and developed several astronomical instruments for observations.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, developed the concept of 'Bhugola' (geography) and wrote extensively about the Earth's shape, size, and various geographical features.