Pharmacology of Natural Products and Herbal Medicines

Synthetic drugs are not natural products because they are not produced by living organisms.

Caffeine is not found in opium. It is found in coffee, tea, and other plants.

Digoxin is a glycoside that is used as a cardiac stimulant. It is derived from the foxglove plant.

Limonene is not found in cannabis. It is found in citrus fruits.

Curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin are all natural products that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects.

Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are all natural products that have been shown to have antioxidant effects.

Garlic, echinacea, and tea tree oil are all natural products that have been shown to have antimicrobial effects.

Valerian root, chamomile, and lavender are all natural products that have been shown to have sedative effects.

Caffeine, guarana, and yerba mate are all natural products that have been shown to have stimulant effects.

Dandelion root, horsetail, and uva ursi are all natural products that have been shown to have diuretic effects.

Senna, cascara sagrada, and aloe vera are all natural products that have been shown to have laxative effects.

Guaifenesin, ipecacuanha, and squill are all natural products that have been shown to have expectorant effects.

Codeine, dextromethorphan, and guaifenesin are all natural products that have been shown to have antitussive effects.