Indian Scientific Contributions & General Science

Hummingbirds lay the smallest eggs of any bird species. Their eggs are roughly the size of a coffee bean or small jellybean, perfectly proportioned to the bird's tiny body size.

Sound travels faster in warmer air because increased temperature means higher molecular kinetic energy. This allows sound waves to propagate more quickly through the medium. The relationship is v ≈ 331 + (0.6 × T°C) m/s.

Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and engineer, invented dynamite in 1867 as a safer alternative to nitroglycerin. His invention later led to the establishment of the Nobel Prizes, funded by his estate.

Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, was indeed the first Indian king to successfully use iron-cased rockets in warfare against the British in the 1780s and 1790s. His rocket corps was innovative and forced the British to develop their own rocket technology (leading to the Congreve rocket). Options A, C, and D are other Indian leaders who fought the British but did not use iron-cased rockets.

Sushruta Samhita, the foundational text of surgery in Ayurveda, documents 300 surgical procedures and instruments. His work included rhinoplasty (nose surgery), which is why he's recognized as the father of plastic surgery. The number 300 is well-established in historical accounts.

Baudhayana (800 BC) documented the Pythagorean theorem in his Baudhayana Sulba Sutra before Pythagoras. The theorem appears as the diagonal of a rectangle produces the area which the two sides of the rectangle make separately. This predates Pythagoras by several centuries.

Aryabhata (5th century) proposed a heliocentric model in his work Aryabhatiya, stating that the Earth rotates on its axis and the apparent movement of stars is due to Earth's rotation. He understood that the Sun is the center of the solar system, not Earth - a remarkable insight for his time.

Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895, earning him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The question asks for the year of his discovery work (1895), not when he received the prize.