Physics & Engineering Measurements Quiz

Leukemia is the medical term for cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It involves the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

The Pelton wheel turbine is a radial flow turbine, also known as a tangential flow impulse turbine. It's designed for high head, low flow applications and uses jet impact on buckets. While sometimes classified separately, it fundamentally operates on radial principles where water enters the buckets at an angle to the runner rotation.

A Pitot tube measures fluid flow velocity by converting kinetic energy into pressure. It consists of two tubes: one facing the flow (stagnation pressure) and one perpendicular to it (static pressure). The pressure difference between these measurements is used to calculate flow velocity, making it fundamentally a pressure measurement device.

Elasticity is the property of a material to return to its original shape after an applied pressure or force is removed. When deformed within elastic limits, materials recover completely. Plasticity (option A) is the opposite - permanent deformation that remains after load removal.

Fatigue strength measures a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading without failure. It's the maximum stress level a material can endure for a specified number of cycles. This differs from tensile strength (static loading) or compression strength, and is critical for components experiencing repeated stress variations.

Heat naturally flows from hotter to colder bodies due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which governs the direction of spontaneous heat transfer. The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium, the First Law is energy conservation, and the Third Law concerns absolute zero.

A manometer measures pressure by balancing it against a column of liquid. Saccharimeters measure sugar concentration, ammeters measure electric current, and lacometer is not a standard scientific instrument.

Strength is specifically defined as a material's ability to withstand applied stress without failure. Capacity and capability are general terms, while elasticity refers to returning to original shape after deformation.

A manometer is designed to measure gas pressure by using liquid displacement. A barometer specifically measures atmospheric pressure, ammeters measure electrical current, and speedometers measure velocity.

One gram-force equals 981 dynes because 1 gram-force = g cm/s² where g = 981 cm/s² (standard gravity). This is a standard conversion in the CGS system.

Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876. John Logie Baird invented television, Thomas Edison developed the phonograph and light bulb, and James Watt improved the steam engine.

Ole Rømer first measured the speed of light in 1676 using Jupiter's moon eclipses. Einstein developed relativity, Newton studied mechanics and optics, and Galileo attempted but couldn't successfully measure light speed.

This is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, which defines thermal equilibrium and forms the basis for temperature measurement. The First Law is energy conservation, Second Law governs entropy and spontaneous processes, and Third Law concerns absolute zero.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer in 1714, which became the standard clinical thermometer used by doctors. Galileo invented an earlier thermoscope, but not the practical medical thermometer.

Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. Ecology studies organisms and their environments, while Numismatics is the study of coins and currency.

The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales intersect at exactly -40 degrees. This can be derived from the conversion formula: F = (9/5)C + 32. At -40°C, the Fahrenheit reading is also -40°F. This is the only temperature where both scales show the same numerical value.

Charles Babbage is called the 'father of computers' for designing the first mechanical computer in the 19th century - the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine. Though never fully built in his lifetime, his designs laid the theoretical foundation for modern computing. Bill Gates is a software pioneer, Newton contributed to physics/mathematics, and 'Lee' is too vague to identify.