The History of Educational Equity and Access

The Supreme Court case that ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional was Brown v. Board of Education, which was decided in 1954.

The federal law that prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in federally funded programs, including schools, was the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The federal law that required states to provide equal educational opportunities to students with disabilities was the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which was passed in 1990.

The federal law that required states to develop and implement standards for student achievement and accountability was the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which was passed in 2001.

The federal law that replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which was passed in 2015.

The federal agency that is responsible for enforcing civil rights laws in schools is the Office for Civil Rights (OCR).

The federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs or activities is Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.

The federal law that requires schools to provide students with equal access to educational opportunities regardless of their immigration status is the Plyler v. Doe decision, which was issued by the Supreme Court in 1982.

The federal law that requires schools to provide students with equal access to educational opportunities regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity is the Bostock v. Clayton County decision, which was issued by the Supreme Court in 2020.

The federal law that requires schools to provide students with equal access to educational opportunities regardless of their disability is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

The federal law that requires schools to provide students with equal access to educational opportunities regardless of their race, color, or national origin is the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The federal law that requires schools to provide students with equal access to educational opportunities regardless of their sex is Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.