IBM i Programming and Language History Quiz

John McCarthy invented Lisp in 1958 at MIT, making it the second-oldest high-level programming language still in widespread use. Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm (1840s), Herman Hollerith developed punch-card tabulation (1890s), and Konrad Zuse built the first programmable computer (1941).

John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz designed the original BASIC programming language at Dartmouth College in 1964 to make computing accessible to non-technical students. Yukihiro Matsumoto created Ruby (1995), Alan Cooper is known for Visual Basic, making A and D correct.

Alan Cooper is widely regarded as the father of Visual Basic for his work on the visual design paradigm that became Visual Basic while at Microsoft. Yukihiro Matsumoto created Ruby, Guido van Rossum created Python, and Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP.

Bjarne Stroustrup invented C++ in 1979 as an extension of the C language at Bell Labs. Dennis Ritchie created C (1972), Anders Hejlsberg created Turbo Pascal and later C# and J++, and Grace Hopper pioneered early programming language concepts including COBOL.

Anders Hejlsberg invented J++ (Microsoft's Java implementation) while at Microsoft, before later creating C# and TypeScript. John Backus created FORTRAN, Grace Hopper pioneered COBOL, and Brendan Eich created JavaScript.

Brendan Eich invented JavaScript in 1995 while at Netscape, creating it in just 10 days. John Backus created FORTRAN, Grace Hopper worked on COBOL, and Anders Hejlsberg created J++ and later C#.

Grace Hopper invented COBOL in 1959, building on her earlier work with compilers and the concept of machine-independent programming languages. Anders Hejlsberg created J++ and C#, Brendan Eich created JavaScript, and John Backus created FORTRAN.

Alan Cooper invented Visual Basic and is considered the 'father of Visual Basic' for his work on the visual programming paradigm. Grace Hopper pioneered COBOL, Anders Hejlsberg created J++ and C#, and John Backus created FORTRAN.

Yukihiro Matsumoto invented Ruby in 1995 in Japan, emphasizing simplicity and productivity. Anders Hejlsberg created J++ and C#, John Backus created FORTRAN, and Brendan Eich created JavaScript.

Guido van Rossum invented Python in 1991 in the Netherlands, naming it after Monty Python's Flying Circus. Grace Hopper pioneered COBOL, Anders Hejlsberg created J++ and C#, and Brendan Eich created JavaScript.

Procedures without the EXPORT keyword are internal to the module and cannot be accessed by other modules, making option 1 incorrect. Procedures with EXPORT can be accessed by other modules, making option 2 incorrect. Procedures can access global variables, making option 3 incorrect. Thus, 'None of the Above' is correct.

In AS/400, both MOVOBJ (Move Object) and CRTDUPOBJ (Create Duplicate Object) can be used to copy an object from one library to another. MOVOBJ moves the object to a different library, while CRTDUPOBJ creates a duplicate copy in the target library. CPYOBJ (option D) is not a standard AS/400 command - the correct command for copying is CRTDUPOBJ. Option C is correct.

/COPY members are source code snippets that get included during compilation of other programs. They cannot be compiled directly because they are not complete programs - they contain fragments like data definitions, common procedures, or standard code blocks meant to be embedded into other source members. There is no CRTCPYSRC command (option C). Option D is correct - /COPY sources are included, not compiled standalone.

Calling a dynamic program (using CALL in RPG) does not compile or bind the called program at compile time. RPG Cycle code references and dynamic invocation details don't insert RPG Cycle code into the calling code in a performance-inhibiting way. 'None of the above' is correct.

In RPG/400, subroutines cannot contain other subroutines - they must be defined at the main program level only. A subroutine can execute/call another subroutine (that's allowed), but it cannot define/contain a subroutine within itself. Subroutines are not shared across programs - they are internal to the program that defines them. Option D correctly states: can execute another subroutine, cannot contain another subroutine, and is not shared.

In AS/400, modules (*MODULE) are objects created from compiled source that contain executable code but cannot be directly called. To use a module, it must first be bound into a program (*PGM) or service program (*SRVPGM). Once bound, the program can be called using CALL. The CALLB command is for bound procedures in service programs. Modules themselves cannot be directly invoked - option D is correct.

Modular programming in AS/400 RPG uses three main techniques: /COPY compiler directives for including common source code, Subroutines for internal program modularization, and Procedures (also called subprocedures) which can be exported and shared across programs. Arrays (options A and B) are data structures, not modularization techniques. Option C correctly identifies /COPY, Subroutines, and Procedures as the modular programming techniques.