Interconnections Between Indian Mathematics and Navigation

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the concept of zero in the 5th century CE.

The Surya Siddhanta, an Indian astronomical treatise, contains the earliest known description of the sine function.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the sine function in the 5th century CE.

The Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta, an Indian mathematical treatise, contains the earliest known description of the cosine function.

Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the cosine function in the 7th century CE.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the tangent function in the 12th century CE.

The Ganita Sara Sangraha, an Indian mathematical treatise, contains the earliest known description of the cotangent function.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the cotangent function in the 14th century CE.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the secant function in the 14th century CE.

The Ganita Sara Sangraha, an Indian mathematical treatise, contains the earliest known description of the cosecant function.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the cosecant function in the 14th century CE.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the versine function in the 14th century CE.

The Ganita Sara Sangraha, an Indian mathematical treatise, contains the earliest known description of the haversine function.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the haversine function in the 14th century CE.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of the exsecant function in the 14th century CE.