Computing and Information Technology Quiz

The first ARPANET message was 'lo', sent in 1969. The intended message was 'login' but the system crashed after the first two letters. 'Hello world', 'mary had a little lamb', and 'cyberspace, the final frontier' are all incorrect and popular culture references rather than historical facts.

.INI files are system initialization files used by Windows and other operating systems to store configuration settings. They are plain text files with a specific structure. They are not image files, color profiles, or hypertext files - those use extensions like .jpg, .icc, and .html respectively.

Konrad Zuse built the Z1, the world's first programmable binary digital computer, in 1936-1938 in Germany. Alan Turing was a theoretical computer scientist, George Boole developed Boolean algebra, and Ken Thompson created Unix - none built the Z1.

Yahoo was founded by David Filo and Jerry Yang, two Stanford graduate students, in 1994. Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson created Unix, Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn developed TCP/IP, and Steve Case founded AOL - none founded Yahoo.

DTP stands for Desktop Publishing, the creation of documents using page layout software on personal computers. It refers to producing printed materials like newsletters, brochures, and books. The other options - Digital Transmission Protocol, Document Type Processing, and Data Type Programming - are not standard abbreviations for DTP.

Ergonomic experts recommend placing computer monitors 18-30 inches (about arm's length) from your eyes to reduce eye strain and maintain proper posture. Viewing from a darkened room increases contrast strain, maximum contrast settings can cause eye fatigue, and while UV-filtering glasses exist, distance is the primary ergonomic factor.

A byte is the standard unit of digital information storage, universally defined as 8 bits. This standard allows for 256 possible values (2^8), which became the industry standard for representing a single character of text.

A retrovirus is specifically designed to attack antivirus programs or security software to prevent detection. Unlike worms (which self-replicate across networks) or trojans (which disguise themselves as legitimate software), retroviruses actively target and disable security defenses.

A Trojan horse (or Trojan) is malicious software that disguises itself as legitimate but doesn't replicate or copy itself unlike worms or viruses. It relies on user deception to execute and then damages the system or compromises security, often creating a backdoor for attackers.

OS/2 (originally written as OS-2 in some contexts) was an operating system developed by IBM and Microsoft in the late 1980s. While it eventually became solely IBM's product, it remains the only option listed that was produced by IBM.

MAC stands for Media Access Control, a protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. Every network device has a unique MAC address burned into its network interface card (NIC) for identification on a local network.

WordStar was the first commercially successful word processor, released in 1979. WordPerfect came later (1980), followed by MS Word (1983), while Lotus Notes is primarily collaboration/database software, not a word processor.

SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer, a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It was the predecessor to TLS (Transport Layer Security) and operates at the transport layer to encrypt data.

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) is the official registrar of IBAN (International Bank Account Number). SWIFT maintains the registry and oversees the IBAN system used for international wire transfers. The Euro Banking Association and Banking Union are not the registrars.

ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard defines card dimensions as 85.60 × 53.98 mm (approximately 86 × 54 mm). This standard is used for ATM cards, credit cards, and debit cards worldwide. Option C shows the closest approximate dimensions.

SDRAM stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. It's a type of RAM that operates in sync with the system bus clock, allowing for faster data transfer than asynchronous DRAM. 'Synchronous' is the key differentiator from other memory types.

CORE in Core Banking stands for Centralized Online Real-time Exchange. This refers to a networked banking system where all transactions and customer data are centralized in real-time, allowing any branch to access unified customer information instantly. This replaced the previous branch-based legacy systems.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce was adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) in 1996. This model law provided the framework for countries to enact e-commerce legislation. India passed the Information Technology Act 2000 in May 2000, based on this UNCITRAL model.