Science and Technology Fundamentals

Humans have only two lungs, not four. The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes, but together they form just two lungs, right and left. This is a basic anatomical fact of the human respiratory system.

Isaac Newton is famously known for all three: universal gravitation (the law of gravity), optics (his work with prisms and light), and the binomial theorem (binomial series in mathematics). Option D 'none' is the correct answer because it means he is known for all the other options listed. Newton was not known for 'none of these' - he made foundational contributions to all three fields listed.

Isaac Newton designed and built the first practical reflecting telescope in 1668, using a curved mirror to gather light instead of a lens. This design solved the chromatic aberration problem of refracting telescopes.

Exobiology (also called astrobiology) is the study of potential life beyond Earth. Endobiology is not a standard term for space science, and enterobiology relates to intestinal study.

Daniel Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer in 1714, which became widely used in medical practice. Galileo developed an earlier thermoscope, but not a clinical thermometer.

Ole Romer first measured the speed of light in 1676 using Jupiter's moon Io, observing its apparent delay in orbit. Einstein developed relativity theory, Newton studied optics, and Galileo attempted but failed to measure light speed.

Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine and Difference Engine in the 1830s, considered the first mechanical computers. Edison invented light bulbs and phonographs, not computing devices.

A seismograph measures earthquake intensity by recording ground vibrations. Barometers measure atmospheric pressure, hydrometers measure liquid density, and polygraphs detect physiological responses for lie detection.

-40 degrees is the only temperature where Celsius and Fahrenheit scales intersect (C = F). At this point, -40C = -40F. The freezing point is 0C = 32F, and -273C is absolute zero.

Meteorology is the scientific study of weather processes, atmospheric conditions, and weather forecasting. It focuses on the atmosphere, not meteors or other phenomena.