Science & Technology: General Knowledge Quiz

The CPU has two primary components: the Control Unit (manages instruction flow and data movement) and the Arithmetic Logic Unit (performs mathematical and logical operations). Registers are internal CPU storage, while main memory and bus are external to the CPU core.

Sequential access processes records in order (like magnetic tape), while random/direct access can retrieve any record directly by address (like disk). Indexed access uses an index to achieve random access. 'Online' and 'real time' describe system characteristics, not fundamental access methods.

Laser printers are actually quieter than impact printers (not a disadvantage), they are fast (not slow), and they produce high-quality output (not lower quality). Therefore, none of the listed options (A, B, C) are actual disadvantages of laser printers, making 'None of the above' the correct answer.

Buses are sets of parallel electrical conducting lines on a motherboard that link different components together, allowing data to flow between them. The CPU, memory, and peripherals all communicate via buses. Conductors is too general, connectors are physical interfaces, and 'consecutives' is not a technical term in this context.

Machine language (also called machine code) is the only language directly understood and executed by computers. It consists of binary instructions (0s and 1s) that the CPU can execute without translation. Application software and system programs are written in high-level languages that must be compiled or interpreted into machine language.

Primary storage refers to memory directly accessible by the CPU, including ROM and RAM. PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a type of ROM used as primary storage. Magnetic drums and floppy disks are secondary storage devices (also called auxiliary storage or external memory) because they are not directly accessible by the CPU without I/O operations.

DRAM (Dynamic RAM) uses capacitive storage cells that leak charge over time, requiring periodic refresh cycles to maintain data integrity. SRAM uses flip-flop circuits (6 transistors per cell) that hold state as long as power is applied, so it never needs refresh. ROM is non-volatile and stores data permanently without requiring refresh. This makes DRAM the only memory type listed that fundamentally requires refresh operation.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is specifically designed to scan printed text documents and convert them into digital text format that computers can process. OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) only detects marked areas like bubbles on forms, not actual text. MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) reads special magnetic ink characters used primarily on bank checks, not general printed text.

Printer resolution is universally measured in DPI (Dots Per Inch), which indicates how many ink droplets a printer can place within one linear inch. Higher DPI values produce sharper, more detailed output. 'Dot per cm' is not a standard printer resolution metric. 'Dots printed per unit time' measures print speed, not quality.

Analog computers process continuous physical signals (electrical voltages, mechanical movements) directly without converting them to digital binary form. They use analog components like operational amplifiers to perform mathematical operations through continuously varying signals. Digital computers must first convert analog inputs to digital form, but analog computers work entirely in the continuous domain.

'Heat run' is indeed a term associated with humpback whale mating behavior. During breeding season, male humpback whales compete for females in高速 chases and physical contests called heat runs.

This is a real phenomenon called 'cold welding' or 'contact welding'. In the vacuum of space, there's no oxide layer or air separating two clean metal surfaces, so metallic bonding can occur and the pieces permanently fuse together.

Saturn's mean density is approximately 0.69 g/cm³, which is less than water's density of 1 g/cm³. Therefore, Saturn would float if placed in a large enough body of water. This is a unique property among the gas giants in our solar system.

The Sun loses approximately 1.3 to 1.9 million tons (1.3-1.9 billion kilograms) of mass every second due to solar wind and nuclear fusion converting mass to energy. This continuous mass loss is a fundamental process in stellar evolution.

Herpetology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians and reptiles. The other options refer to different fields: Ornithology (birds), Oncology (cancer treatment), and Oology (study of eggs). Note the spelling should be 'Herpetology' with two 'e's.

Manganese is a trace element present in very small quantities in the human body (10-20 mg), unlike sodium and potassium which are macrominerals present in much larger amounts (100-140 g). Aluminium is not considered essential for human life. Trace elements like manganese are required in minute quantities for proper enzyme function.

Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. It was first discovered in Minamata City, Japan in 1956, caused by industrial methylmercury pollution in Minamata Bay. Mercury is a heavy metal that accumulates in fish and shellfish, causing serious health issues when consumed by humans.