Science and Technology Quiz

Venus is the hottest planet with surface temperatures around 465°C due to its thick atmosphere creating an extreme greenhouse effect. Although Mercury is closest to the sun, its lack of atmosphere means it can't trap heat like Venus does.

Firefox, Opera, Chrome, Safari, and Internet Explorer are all software applications used to access and navigate the World Wide Web, known as web browsers. They are not games, websites themselves, or search engines (though they can access search engines).

The Earth's core reaches temperatures of approximately 6,000°C, while the Sun's surface is about 5,500°C. The Moon's surface ranges from -173°C to 127°C, and Earth's surface averages 15°C. The center is hotter due to intense pressure and radioactive decay.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth's surface. A lunar eclipse happens when Earth is between the Sun and Moon. 'Partial eclipse' is too general and 'All of the above' is incorrect.

Hydrogen (atomic number 1) is the first and lightest element on the periodic table, with one proton and one electron. Oxygen, carbon, and helium all have higher atomic numbers (8, 6, and 2 respectively).

Botany is the branch of biology that studies plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, diseases, and classification. Entomology studies insects, zoology covers animals, and anthropology focuses on humans.

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Aryabhatta and Bhaskara were Indian satellites launched much later (1975 and 1979), and Rohini was also an Indian satellite (1980s).

Sharks have skeletons made entirely of cartilage rather than bone. Cartilage is lighter and more flexible than bone, which helps sharks swim efficiently. This is why they are classified as cartilaginous fish along with rays and skates.

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere by volume, making it the most abundant gas. Oxygen is second at about 21%, followed by argon at 0.93%. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen exist only in trace amounts (0.04% and negligible).

Saturn is the second largest planet in our solar system after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with a diameter approximately 9.5 times that of Earth. Neptune is smaller than Saturn despite being located farther from the Sun.

Bees have two pairs of wings (four wings total). The forewings and hindwings hook together during flight to function as a single surface, providing excellent maneuverability.

Iron is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust, constituting about 5% of its mass. Aluminium is actually the most abundant metal overall when considering the entire Earth, but iron dominates in the crust where we can access it. The question refers to crustal abundance.

Laszlo Biro and his brother Gyorgy invented the modern ballpoint pen. Their design used a tiny ball that rolled in a socket, distributing ink smoothly. The Biro brothers' patent revolutionized writing instruments.

John Boyd Dunlop invented the pneumatic rubber tire in 1888. He developed it to provide a smoother ride for his son's tricycle, and his invention revolutionized transportation by making bicycles and automobiles more comfortable.

Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre, discovered radium in 1898. She was a pioneering physicist and chemist who conducted groundbreaking research on radioactivity, becoming the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.

Charles Richter developed the Richter scale in 1935 at Caltech to measure earthquake magnitude. This logarithmic scale quantifies the energy released by seismic events, with each whole number increase representing ten times more amplitude.

James Watt's major contribution was improving the steam engine, not inventing the first steam engine. His key innovation was the rotary motion mechanism (sun-and-planet gear, 1781) that enabled steam engines to drive machinery. Thomas Newcomen built the first practical steam engine (1712), and Watt's separate condenser (1769) greatly improved efficiency. Watt did not invent diving bells, steam boats, or hot air balloons.