Science and Technology Quiz - Astronomy, Chemistry, and Physics

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the primary molecule that carries genetic information and controls inherited traits. While RNA and nucleotides are involved in genetic processes, DNA is the main hereditary material.

When 1 gram of fat is metabolized, it produces approximately 37-39 kJ of heat energy. This is higher than carbohydrates or proteins, which is why fats are energy-dense nutrients.

8 g of oxygen = 8/16 = 0.5 mol of O atoms. Since CO2 has 2 oxygen atoms per molecule, 0.5 mol O atoms corresponds to 0.25 mol CO2.

The chloride from salt (NaCl) is essential for producing hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which is necessary for digestion and killing harmful bacteria. While salt enhances taste, its physiological role is more critical.

Polythene (polyethylene) is formed by polymerization of ethylene (ethene) monomers. Vinyl chloride forms PVC, and ethyl alcohol is not a monomer for common plastics.

Metallic luster is caused by the presence of free electrons that absorb and re-emit light. The delocalized electrons in metals interact with incident light, giving metals their characteristic shine.

Gold is the most malleable metal, capable of being hammered into extremely thin sheets called gold leaf (as thin as 0.00001 mm). Silver is also highly malleable but less so than gold, while platinum and iron have significantly lower malleability.

Saturn is the third largest object in the solar system by mass and volume, after the Sun and Jupiter. Earth and Venus are smaller than Saturn, and Mars is much smaller. The question specifically asks about the third largest overall.

Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Io are the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Mercury is a planet, not a moon of other planets. Uranus and Neptune have different moon systems.

Venus comes closest to Earth during its orbit at approximately 41 million kilometers (about 25 million miles), not million miles. However, among the options given, Venus is correct as it is Earth's closest planetary neighbor at nearest approach. Neptune and Uranus are much farther away, and Jupiter is also distant.

A black hole is indeed a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light, can escape from it once past the event horizon. This is a fundamental definition in astrophysics.

The nearest known black hole to Earth is Gaia BH1, located approximately 1,600 light-years away. This was discovered in 2022, making it the closest confirmed black hole to our solar system.

A supernova is correctly defined as a powerful stellar explosion that creates an extremely bright object made of plasma. This brightness then fades over weeks or months as the ejected material expands and cools, eventually becoming invisible to optical telescopes.

Hydrogen is by far the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of all normal matter by mass. It was formed in the Big Bang and remains the primary fuel for star formation.

The Big Dipper (part of Ursa Major) contains 7 main stars that form the distinctive ladle or dipper shape. These are Alkaid, Mizar, Alioth, Megrez, Phecda, Merak, and Dubhe.

There are officially 88 named constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). These were standardized in 1922 and cover the entire celestial sphere.

The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is indeed a persistent high-pressure storm system, similar to a hurricane, that has been observed for at least 350 years. It's an anticyclonic storm larger than Earth.

Surface tension is the cohesive force at a liquid's surface that minimizes surface area, causing droplets to assume spherical shape (the shape with minimum surface area for a given volume). Viscosity relates to fluid thickness, density to mass per volume.