The Reign of Balban: Consolidation and Expansion

Ghiyasuddin Balban was the eighth Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling from 1266 to 1287.

The Abbasid Caliph bestowed upon Balban the title of 'Sultan-ul-Hind', recognizing him as the ruler of India.

Balban's domestic policy primarily aimed to consolidate the Delhi Sultanate by strengthening the administration, suppressing rebellions, and maintaining law and order.

Balban relied heavily on the Turks for administrative and military support, as they were considered loyal and skilled in governance and warfare.

Balban established the Barid-i-Mamalik, a spy agency responsible for gathering intelligence and maintaining internal security.

Balban introduced the Kharaj, a land tax, to generate revenue for his military campaigns and maintain a strong army.

Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler, invaded India during Balban's reign, but Balban successfully repelled the invasion.

Balban constructed the Siri Fort in Delhi as a defense against potential Mongol invasions.

Delhi served as the capital of Balban's sultanate, and he made significant efforts to beautify and develop the city.

Kaiqubad was Balban's son and successor, who ascended to the throne after Balban's death.

Balban's military campaigns against the Mewatis were primarily aimed at suppressing their rebellions and maintaining control over the region.

Balban appointed Turks as governors of various provinces, as he trusted their loyalty and administrative capabilities.

Balban established the Diwan-i-Arz, a military unit responsible for maintaining law and order and suppressing rebellions.

Balban conquered Lakhnauti, the capital of Bengal, during his military campaign in the region.

Amir Khusrau, the renowned poet, served in Balban's court and composed several works praising the sultan's achievements.