Genetics and Heredity

A gene is the basic unit of heredity and is a region of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA.

Meiosis is the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. It involves the division of germ cells (eggs and sperm) and the shuffling of genetic material.

Dominant and recessive alleles are two main types of alleles. Dominant alleles express their trait even when paired with a recessive allele, while recessive alleles only express their trait when paired with another recessive allele.

Homozygous organisms have two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous organisms have two different alleles for a particular gene.

Phenotype is the expression of a trait in an organism.

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.

Locus is the location of a gene on a chromosome.

Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.

Replication is the process of copying DNA.

Transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA.

Translation is the process of making proteins from RNA.

Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in organisms.

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.