Indian Independence Movement and Freedom Fighters

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote 'Vande Mataram' in 1876. It was published in his novel Anandamath and later became India's national song, not to be confused with the national anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' by Tagore.

The headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Mission is at Belur Math in Howrah, West Bengal, part of the Kolkata metropolitan area. It was established by Swami Vivekananda in 1898.

Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt Act by making salt at Dandi in Gujarat during the 1930 Salt March. This 240-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram was a pivotal act of civil disobedience against British salt monopoly.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was the first to refer to Mahatma Gandhi as the 'Father of the Nation' in 1944 while addressing him on radio from Singapore. This honorific was later widely adopted.

Jallianwala Bagh is located in Amritsar, Punjab, where the tragic massacre of peaceful protesters occurred on April 13, 1919, during British colonial rule. Lucknow and Patna are major cities in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar respectively, while Lahore is now in Pakistan.