Types of Deviance

Conformity is not a type of deviance because it refers to behavior that is in line with social norms and expectations.

Merton's strain theory suggests that individuals who are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means may resort to innovative behaviors, which involve finding new and unconventional ways to achieve their goals.

An infraction is a minor violation of social norms that is typically punishable by a fine or a warning.

Primary deviance refers to a minor violation of social norms that does not typically lead to serious consequences.

Relative deviance refers to behavior that is considered to be deviant by some groups but not by others, depending on the social context.

Secondary deviance refers to a more serious violation of social norms that is often a response to being labeled as a deviant.

Absolute deviance refers to behavior that is considered to be deviant in all societies, regardless of the social context.

Normative deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms but is not considered to be a serious crime.

Situational deviance refers to behavior that is considered to be deviant only in certain situations, depending on the social context.

White-collar crime refers to a nonviolent crime committed by a person in a position of trust or authority, such as embezzlement or fraud.

Normative deviance refers to behavior that violates a social norm and is therefore considered to be deviant.

Social norms are unwritten rules that govern behavior in a society. Examples of social norms include wearing a seatbelt, paying taxes, and going to school.

Illegal deviance refers to behavior that violates a law and is therefore considered to be deviant.

Laws are written rules that govern behavior in a society. Examples of laws include wearing a seatbelt, paying taxes, and going to school.

Moral deviance refers to behavior that violates a moral code and is therefore considered to be deviant.