Indian Culture and Literature

Vande Mataram, composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, is India's National Song. It was adopted in 1950. Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem, not the National Song. Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna is a patriotic Urdu poem, and Sare Jahan Se Achcha is a patriotic song popular during the independence movement.

The Peacock was declared India's National Bird in 1963 due to its cultural and religious significance in Indian tradition. It is protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act. The cuckoo, crow, and hen are common birds but not national symbols.

The Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) was declared India's National Flower in 1950. It holds sacred status in Hindu and Buddhist traditions, symbolizing purity and spiritual awakening. Rose, Lily, and Marigold are cultivated in India but have no national status.

Mango was declared India's National Fruit. India is the world's largest mango producer, with hundreds of varieties. The fruit has been cultivated for over 4000 years and holds cultural importance in Indian cuisine and traditions. Tamarind, Guava, and Orange are common fruits but not national symbols.

New Delhi is the capital of India, housing all three branches of the government - executive, legislature, and judiciary. It was declared the capital in 1912, shifting from Kolkata. Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata are major metropolitan cities but not the national capital.

The Bengal Tiger was adopted as India's National Animal in 1973, replacing the Lion. It represents India's rich wildlife heritage and is a symbol of power and grace. The Tiger Project was launched the same year for conservation. Lion, Donkey, and Horse are not national symbols.

The question asks about the author of 'Ghumiecho Jhaupata'. The claimed answer is Joy Goswami (Option C). Joy Goswami is indeed a renowned Bengali poet and 'Ghumiecho Jhaupata' is one of his notable works. The answer key correctly identifies him as the author.

The question asks about the author of the poem 'Banshi'. The claimed answer is Rabindranath Tagore (Option C). Rabindranath Tagore, spelled here as 'tegore' in the options, wrote numerous poems including works with flute/banshi imagery. The answer correctly identifies Tagore as the author, though the spelling is irregular.

The question asks about the author of 'Deshlai Kathi'. The claimed answer is Sukanta Bhattacharya (Option B). Sukanta Bhattacharya was a influential Bengali poet and 'Deshlai Kathi' is among his recognized works. The answer key correctly identifies him as the poet.

The Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the national animal of India. It was declared the national animal in April 1973 due to its endangered status and as part of Project Tiger conservation efforts. The lion, leopard, and cat are not India's national animal.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is India's national flower, symbolizing purity and beauty. It has cultural significance in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Manu is regarded as the first man in Hindu mythology and the progenitor of humanity. He is said to be the son of Vivasvan (Surya) and the author of Manusmriti, the ancient law code. Sudama was Krishna's friend, while Krishna is an avatar of Vishnu.

The Kosi river is called the Sorrow of Bihar because of its devastating floods and tendency to change course frequently. It causes widespread destruction in Bihar when it overflows its banks. The Ganga and Godavari are major rivers but don't have this specific epithet.