To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) Direction d = NORTH; - This option is incorrect because the enum values are accessed using the enum name. In this case, the enum name is "Nav.Direction", so the correct syntax would be "Nav.Direction.NORTH".

Option B) Nav.Direction d = NORTH; - This option is incorrect because the enum values are accessed using the enum name, not just the enum constant. In this case, the correct syntax would be "Nav.Direction.NORTH".

Option C) Direction d = Direction.NORTH; - This option is incorrect because the enum values are accessed using the enum name. In this case, the enum name is "Nav.Direction", so the correct syntax would be "Nav.Direction.NORTH".

Option D) Nav.Direction d = Nav.Direction.NORTH; - This option is correct because it correctly accesses the enum constant "NORTH" from the enum "Direction" within the class "Nav". This allows the Sprite class to compile.

The correct answer is D. This option is correct because it uses the correct syntax to access the enum constant within the specified enum class.

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To determine how many of the code fragments, inserted independently at line 12, compile, let's analyze each option:

Option A) public static void main(String...a) - This option will not compile because the variable name in the main method parameter is missing. The correct syntax is "String[] a".

Option B) public static void main(String.* a) - This option will not compile because the syntax "String.* a" is not valid. The correct syntax is "String[] a".

Option C) public static void main(String... a) - This option will compile because it uses the correct syntax for the main method parameter, which is "String[] a".

Option D) public static void main(String[]... a) - This option will compile because it uses the correct syntax for the main method parameter, which is "String[] a".

Option E) public static void main(String...[] a) - This option will not compile because the syntax "String...[] a" is not valid. The correct syntax is "String[] a".

Therefore, out of the given options, options C) and D) will compile independently at line 12. So the correct answer is D) 3 options.

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To answer this question, you need to understand object-oriented (OO) principles and how they relate to software design.

Option A) Looser coupling - This option is correct because reducing the number of methods in an API can help promote looser coupling. Coupling refers to the degree of interdependency between classes or components in a system. By reducing the number of methods, the programmers are likely reducing the dependencies between classes, making them more independent and loosely coupled.

Option B) Tighter coupling - This option is incorrect because reducing the number of methods in an API does not promote tighter coupling. Tight coupling refers to a high degree of interdependency between classes or components. In this case, the programmers are trying to reduce the dependencies and promote loose coupling.

Option C) Lower cohesion - This option is incorrect because reducing the number of methods in an API does not promote lower cohesion. Cohesion refers to the degree to which the responsibilities of a class or component are related and focused. Reducing the number of methods may or may not affect the cohesion of the API, depending on the specific design changes made.

Option D) Higher cohesion - This option is incorrect because reducing the number of methods in an API does not promote higher cohesion. Similar to option C, cohesion refers to the degree of relatedness and focus in the responsibilities of a class or component. The impact on cohesion depends on the specific design changes made.

The correct answer is A) Looser coupling. By reducing the number of methods in the API, the programmers are promoting looser coupling between classes or components.

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To answer this question, we need to understand the concept of method overriding and access modifiers in Java.

In line 2, the method blipvert is defined in the Blip class with the protected access modifier. This means that the method can be accessed by any class within the same package or by any subclass, regardless of the package it belongs to.

In line 4, the Vert class extends the Blip class. This means that the Vert class inherits all the accessible members (fields and methods) of the Blip class, including the blipvert method.

We are asked to determine which methods, when inserted at line 5, will compile correctly.

Option A) public int blipvert(int x) { return 0; } This method has the same signature as the method in the Blip class, and it has a more accessible access modifier (public). Since a subclass is allowed to have a method with a more accessible access modifier, this method will compile.

Option B) private int blipvert(int x) { return 0; } This method has the same signature as the method in the Blip class, but it has a less accessible access modifier (private). A subclass is not allowed to have a method with a less accessible access modifier, so this method will not compile.

Option C) private int blipvert(long x) { return 0; } This method has a different parameter type (long) compared to the method in the Blip class (int). This is method overloading, not overriding. It will compile correctly.

Option D) protected long blipvert(int x) { return 0; } This method has the same signature as the method in the Blip class, but it has a different return type (long) compared to the method in the Blip class (int). This is method overloading, not overriding. It will compile correctly.

Option E) protected int blipvert(long x) { return 0; } This method has a different parameter type (long) compared to the method in the Blip class (int). This is method overloading, not overriding. It will compile correctly.

Option F) protected long blipvert(long x) { return 0; } This method has the same parameter type and return type as the method in the Blip class. It is an exact match for the overridden method, and it has the same or more accessible access modifier (protected). It will compile correctly.

Therefore, the five methods that will compile correctly when inserted at line 5 are: A, C, E, F.

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To determine the output of the given C program, let's go through the code step by step:

1. Initialize the variable a with a value of 10.
2. Declare the variable b.
3. Assign the value of a (10) to b and then increment the value of a by 1 using the post-increment operator (a++).
   • After this step, a becomes 11 and b becomes 10.
4. Print the values of a and b using printf() function with the format string "a=%d b=%d".
   • The values of a and b are 11 and 10 respectively.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

C. a=11 b=30

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