Indian Culture and Heritage

'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' is the national motto of Indonesia. This Old Javanese phrase translates to 'Unity in Diversity' and reflects Indonesia's national ideology of unity despite its diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious composition. It was chosen to represent the country's strength through diversity.

The official ratio of India's National Flag is 2:3 (width:length). This is specified in the Flag Code of India. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya.

Natya Shastra, the foundational text of Indian classical dance and drama, was composed by Bharata Muni between 200 BCE - 200 CE. It covers dance, music, theater, and aesthetics.

Lucknow is famous for Chikankari, a delicate white embroidery work on lightweight fabrics. It originated in Lucknow during the Mughal era and is a GI-tagged craft of Uttar Pradesh.

Madhubani painting (Mithila art) originates from Bihar's Mithila region, traditionally done by women. It uses natural colors and geometric patterns, now GI-tagged. Other options are different states.

The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung on December 27, 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and later adopted as India's official National Anthem in 1950.

Satyameva Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs) is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad, specifically chapter 3.1.6. It is one of the ancient philosophical texts of Hinduism and was adopted as India's national motto in 1950.

Kathak is a classical dance form originating from North India, particularly associated with Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Jaipur. It is characterized by intricate footwork, spins, and storytelling through gesture and expression.

Mohammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal, composed 'Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara' in 1904. It became an anthem of the independence movement and remains popular as a patriotic song.

Only the first stanza of Rabindranath Tagore's 'Jana Gana Mana' was adopted as India's National Anthem in 1950. The complete poem consists of five stanzas, but only the first stanza has official status.

Bankim Chandra Chatterji composed 'Vande Mataram' in the 1870s as part of his novel Anandamath. It became a rallying cry for the independence movement and later served as India's national song.

Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) wrote "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" in 1865. The other options - Father Discoste, Thomas Hardy, and Charles Dickens - are not associated with this work.

According to AC Nielsen surveys, Chennai has been ranked among the cleanest cities in India. The other Tamil Nadu cities listed (Coimbatore, Ooty, Kodaikanal) are not the correct answer in this context.

M.O. Mathai, who served as Private Secretary to Jawaharlal Nehru, wrote "Reminiscences of the Nehru Age" - a controversial memoir about his time working with India's first Prime Minister.

Sri Aurobindo wrote "Savitri," his epic poetic work and spiritual masterpiece. "Discovery of India" was by Jawaharlal Nehru, "Hindu View of Life" by Dr. Radhakrishnan, and "Yogashastra" is associated with Patanjali or other yoga texts.

Edwina Mountbatten - A Life of Her Own is indeed a biography of Lady Mountbatten, written by Janet Morgan. The other options are either too generic or have spelling errors. Option B focuses only on one aspect of her life rather than being a complete biography.

Alice in Wonderland was written by Lewis Carroll (the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). While option D has a minor spelling error (Caroll vs Carroll), it is clearly the intended correct answer. Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens were Victorian novelists but did not write this classic.