Acoustic Phonetics: The Physical Properties of Speech Sounds

Pole frequencies are the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract that determine the formants of a vowel. They are responsible for the characteristic vowel sounds.

Duration is not an acoustic cue used to distinguish between voiced and voiceless consonants. Fundamental frequency, voice onset time, and aspiration are all relevant cues.

The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency component of a periodic waveform. It is also known as the pitch of a sound.

The vowel /i/ in English typically has three formants: F1, F2, and F3. F4 is not a formant of this vowel.

Jitter is the term for the rapid fluctuations in the amplitude of a speech waveform. It is a measure of the stability of the vocal folds.

Voice onset time is not an acoustic cue used to distinguish between place of articulation of consonants. Formant frequencies, duration, and spectral tilt are all relevant cues.

The vocal range is the frequency range of the human voice. It varies depending on the individual's vocal tract length and vocal fold mass.

Antiformants are not a type of formant. They are frequencies where the vocal tract has a minimum of energy.

Formant transition is the term for the change in formant frequencies that occurs as a consonant is produced. It is a key acoustic cue for consonant identification.

Loudness is not a measure of voice quality. Jitter, shimmer, and hoarseness are all measures of voice quality.

The spectral range is the frequency range of a speech sound. It is determined by the formants and the harmonics of the sound.

Voice onset time is not an acoustic cue used to distinguish between nasal and oral consonants. Nasalance, formant frequencies, and duration are all relevant cues.

The harmonic frequency is the highest frequency component of a periodic waveform. It is a multiple of the fundamental frequency.

Speech analysis is the process of converting speech sounds into electrical signals. It is the first step in speech recognition and speech synthesis.