Pharmacology of Endocrine Drugs

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is more potent than hydrocortisone and has a longer duration of action.

Insulin has multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibiting gluconeogenesis, stimulating glycogen synthesis, and increasing glucose uptake by cells.

Weight gain is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones, which are a class of antidiabetic drugs.

Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that increases thyroid hormone production.

Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of metformin, an antidiabetic drug.

Growth hormone stimulates protein synthesis and promotes growth.

Glucocorticoids can cause a variety of adverse effects, including Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and immunosuppression.

Antithyroid drugs inhibit thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production.

Estrogen therapy can cause a variety of adverse effects, including nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, and weight gain.

Progestins stimulate endometrial growth and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

Androgen therapy can cause a variety of adverse effects, including acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice.

Dopamine agonists stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain.

Dopamine antagonists can cause a variety of adverse effects, including nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, and extrapyramidal symptoms.

Octreotide inhibits growth hormone production and is used to treat acromegaly.

Desmopressin can cause hyponatremia, especially in patients with impaired renal function.