Adaptive Immunity

The humoral immune response is mediated by antibodies, which are produced by B cells and plasma cells.

The cell-mediated immune response is mediated by T cells, which directly attack and kill infected cells.

Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens, which are foreign substances that the immune system recognizes as harmful.

T cells kill infected cells by releasing cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin and granzymes.

B cells produce antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to antigens.

Helper T cells produce cytokines, which are small proteins that regulate the immune response.

Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells by releasing cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin and granzymes.

Memory cells provide long-term immunity by remembering the antigens that they have encountered and responding quickly to them if they are encountered again.

Active immunity is acquired through vaccination or infection, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies or T cells from another individual.

Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T cells.

The MHC presents antigens to T cells, which then become activated and can respond to the infection.

Cytokines regulate the immune response by controlling the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells.

Complement is a group of proteins that work together to kill infected cells.

Antibodies activate complement, which then kills infected cells.