Sleep-Wake Disorders

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness and impaired functioning.

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type, characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep.

Sleepwalking is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition, as well as those experiencing stress, anxiety, and sleep deprivation.

Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by tingling or crawling sensations, which are relieved by movement.

Narcolepsy is typically treated with stimulant medication, antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and difficulty staying awake during the day, even after a full night's sleep.

Sleep-related movement disorders are characterized by excessive or violent movements during sleep, such as kicking, punching, or flailing.

Cataplexy is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sudden muscle weakness or paralysis during sleep, often triggered by strong emotions.

REM sleep behavior disorder is characterized by acting out dreams during sleep, which can lead to injury to the individual or their bed partner.

Psychophysiological insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep due to excessive worry or anxiety.

Sleep apnea is typically treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliances, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of brief awakenings from sleep, often accompanied by a sense of choking or gasping.

Sleep-related eating disorder is characterized by binge eating during sleep, often without awareness of the behavior.

Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and difficulty staying awake during the day, despite adequate sleep at night, without a clear underlying cause.

Restless legs syndrome is typically treated with dopamine agonists, anticonvulsants, iron therapy, or a combination of these approaches.