Neural Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the aggregation of misfolded proteins, loss of synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein tangles, and loss of cholinergic neurons.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor.

Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, which leads to the production of a mutant huntingtin protein.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, which form Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of tau protein tangles, which form neurofibrillary tangles.

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the loss of myelin in the central nervous system, leading to demyelination and disruption of nerve conduction.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the accumulation of TDP-43 protein aggregates, which form cytoplasmic inclusions.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is characterized by the accumulation of prion protein aggregates, which form amyloid plaques.