Vijayanagara kingdom - class-VI

The Mahanavami (Dussehra) festival was the most important and grandly celebrated festival in the Vijayanagara capital of Hampi, as described by various foreign travelers.

Vidyaranya was a prominent sage and patron of the Vijayanagara Empire, but his work 'Shankara Vijaya' is written in Sanskrit, not Kannada.

Niccolo Conti was an Italian merchant and explorer who visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya I in the 15th century.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka in 1336 A.D.

The Vijaya Vittala temple is famous for its musical pillars and stone chariot, but it does not feature a compound with seven walls.

Bhatkal, Hannavara, and Mangalore were strategically located on the coast and served as major sea ports for the Vijayanagara Empire to facilitate trade.

Amuktamalyada is a famous Telugu epic poem written by the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya.

In the Vijayanagara administrative system, the land tax was generally fixed at one-fourth of the produce.

The Vidyashankara temple at Sringeri is a masterpiece of early Vijayanagara architecture, known for its unique blend of Hoysala and Dravidian styles.

The Ashtadiggajas were the eight legendary poets who adorned the court of Krishnadevaraya.

Domingos Paes came to India in the time of Krishnadevaraya, the most powerful king Vijayanagara Empire ever had. Domingo Paes was a Portuguese traveller who visited Vijayanagara Empire around the year 1520. He witnessed not just the wealth of Vijayanagara but also the most gallantly fought battles in the history of Vijayanagara --The Battle of Raichur between the grand army of Krishna Deva Raya and Adil Shah of Bijapur.

Hampi is a village and temple town recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern Karnataka, India. It is located within the ruins of the city of Vijayanagara, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Horses were the most significant import for the Vijayanagara Empire, as they were essential for the military and were imported in large numbers from Arabia and Persia.

Rakkasa Thangadi or Thalikote war which ruined the glory of Vijayanagara dynasty was held in 1565. The battle took place at Talikota, today a town in northern Karnataka, about 80 kilometres to the southeast from the city of Bijapur. The treacherous defeat of Vijayanagara Empire, followed subsequent destruction and looting which became short lived before the mighty successors of Rama Raya.

The Vijaynagara empire also known as (Karnata empire) and the kingdom of Bisnegar were based in the Deccan plateau region in the south region.

The Vijayanagar kingdom was one of the important kingdoms in the medieval Indian history. Vijaynagar Dynasty rules over India for 3 centuries. The Vijayanagara kingdom was founded by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty in 1336.

Krishnadevaraya was the most famous emperor of the Tuluva dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.

The Vijayanagar empire emerged in fourteenth century India. Two brothers, Hakka (Harihara I )and Bukka Raya, laid the foundations of the Vijaynagar capital and of the empire.  Also known as the Sangama brothers, these two brothers consolidated their power and then expanded it.

The Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four successive dynasties: the Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu dynasties. Since all three listed options are correct, 'All the above' is the correct choice.

The battle of Raichur fought by Sri Krishnadevaraya, King of Vijayanagar empire and Ismail Adil Shah, the king of Bijapur. It was a turning point in the history of south India in the 16th century. It resulted in a decisive victory for Vijayanagar forces and the Bijapur ruler was defeated and pushed across the river Krishna.

Krishnadevaraya, the most famous ruler of the Tuluva dynasty, reigned from 1509 to 1529. This period is considered the golden age of the Vijayanagara Empire.

The persian ambassador who visited Vijayanagara empire in 1443 was Abdul Razak. He was a Persian, Timurid chronicler and a scholar who visited the Vijaynagar Kingdom at the time of Dev Raya II as an ambassador of Shah Rukh, the Timurid dynasty ruler of Persia. He gives an account of the reign of Devaraya II in his Matla as Sadain Wa Majma ul Bahrain.

Sangama dynasty ruled from 1336 to 1485 A.D. Harihara I was the first ruler of Vijayanagara kingdom. He ruled from 1336 to 1357 A.D. He annexed Hoysala territories. The rivalry between Vijayanagara kingdom and Bahmani kingdom was started during his period in annexing the Krishna-Tungabhadra Doab. Bukka I ascended the throne after the death of his brother Harihara.

Thalikote war which ruined the glory of Vijayanagara dynasty was held in 1565. The battle took place at Talikota, today a town in northern Karnataka, about 80 kilometres to the southeast from the city of Bijapur. The treacherous defeat of Vijayanagara Empire, followed subsequent destruction and looting which became short lived before the mighty successors of Rama Raya.

Sri Krishnadevaraya concluded a treaty with the Portuguese in 1510. It allowed them to build forts in Bhatka and to trade in Goa. In return, Portuguese agreed to supply the best quality of war horses to the king. 

The Battle of Talikota was fought between Vijaynagar Kingdom and Sultanates of Deccan. The Vijaynagar Kingdom was defeated in the Battle. The war took place on 26th January, 1565. After the death of Krishna Deva Raya the fall of Vijayanagar Empire began. Two rulers Achyuta Raya and Sadasiva Raya were weak.

Sri Krishnadevaraya composed Amuktamalyada in Telugu. This poetic work describes the story of Godadevi and contains his political philosophy and administrative ideals.

Krishnadevaraya established diplomatic and trade relations with the Portuguese, specifically signing a treaty in 1510 to secure the supply of horses and military support.

Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, the founder of the Saluva dynasty, usurped the throne and ended the Sangama dynasty rule in 1486.

Harihara I was the first ruler of the Sangama dynasty and was succeeded by his brother Bukka I in 1356.

Saluva dynasty ruled Vijayanagara Empire from 1485 to 1505 A.D. Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya was the founder of this dynasty.

Devaraya II also known as Proudha Devaraya. He ascended the throne in 1422. and ruled upto 1446 A.D. Devaraya II is also known as Prouda Devaraya. Inducted a large number of Musims in the army (their induction however had begun during Devraya’s I reign). Nuniz informs us that a large number of kings paid tribute to him.

Usha Parinayam is a Sanskrit work attributed to Krishnadevaraya. Amuktamalyada is his famous Telugu work, while the other options are works by his court poets.

Manu Charithra, a landmark work in Telugu literature, was written by the poet Allasani Peddana, who was the poet laureate in the court of Krishnadevaraya.

The successor of Saluva Narasimha was Immadi Narasimha. Narasimha's eldest son, Thimma Bhupa, was murdered by an army commander and one of Narasa's enemies in 1492 so Narasimha's youngest son, Narasimha Raya II, ascended his brother to the throne as king. He was enthroned as Immadi Narasimha. Although he was named king, the authentic control came from Narasa’s eldest son and successor, best known as Vira Narasimha. He ordered the murder of Immadi Narasimha in 1505. He then ascended the throne and inaugurated the Tuluva dynasty, the third dynasty of Vijayanagar and reigned from 1503-1509

Parijatapaharana is a famous prabandham written by Nandi Timmana, one of the Ashtadiggajas in the court of Krishnadevaraya.

Allasani Peddana was given the title Andhra Kavita Pitamaha (the grandfather of Telugu poetry) by Krishnadevaraya for his immense contributions to Telugu literature.

Tirumala was the first king of Aravidu dynasty but his brother Rama Raya later ascended the throne of Aravidu Dynasty which was fourth and last dynasty of the Hindu empire of Vijayanagar in southern India. Rama Raya had been the masterful regent of the Sadasiva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty. 

In the administrative structure of the Vijayanagara Empire, the empire was divided into provinces (mandalam/rajya), which were further subdivided into districts known as Nadus.

Sadasiva Raya was a ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, a powerful South Indian empire based in the Deccan in 16th century India. The reign was from 1542-1570. They lost their empire to Aravidu dynasty.

The eight Telugu poets known as Ashtadiggajas flourished in the court of Krishna Devaraya. Their collective name means eight elephants supporting the eight directions of his literary empire.

Sri Krishnadevaraya was known as Andhra Bhoja due to his patronage of arts and literature, similar to the legendary King Bhoja of Dhar.

Sri Krishna Devaraya built the Hazara Ramaswami temple in Hampi as a dedication to Lord Rama. The temple is known for its exquisite carvings and is part of the Vijayanagara empire's architectural heritage. It showcases the Krishna Deva Raya period's devotion and architectural excellence.

In the year 1420 or 1421 A.D. during the Vijayanagara Empire, Nicolo Conti, an European visitor visited India during the reign of Deva Raya II. It was during this time that the explorer Nicolo Conti and Persian chronicler Abdur Razzak arrived in South India. His visit must have taken place shortly after the accession of Deva Raya II.

The Kalinga king Prataparudra Gajapati was defeated by Sri Krishna devaraya. Krishnadevaraya planned for an invasion of mainland Kalinga-Utkal but the Gajapati Emperor, Prataparudra, privy of this plan had built up a strategy to rout the Vijayanagara army and along with it its king, Krishnadevaraya. The confrontation was to happen at the fort of Kalinganagar. But the wily Timmarasu secured the information by bribing a Telugu deserter, formerly under the service of the mighty Prataprudra deva. Prataprudra was driven to Cuttack, the capital of the Gajapati empire and eventually surrendered to Vijaynagar, giving his daughter Princess Annapurna Devi in marriage to Sri Krishna Deva Raya.

Aliya Rama Raya was killed by Hussain Nizam Shah I in the Battle of Talikota (1565). This battle was a turning point where the Deccan Sultans allied against Vijayanagara. Aliya Rama Raya's death led to the destruction and decline of the Vijayanagara empire.

Vitthala Temple was built during the reign of King Devaraya II, one of the rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Vittala Temple or Vitthala Temple in Hampi is an ancient monument that is well-known for its exceptional architecture and unmatched craftsmanship. It is considered to be one of the largest and the most famous structure in Hampi.

Sadasiva Raya was the Vijayanagara king at the time of the Battle of Talikota in 1565, though Aliya Rama Raya was the actual power behind the throne. The battle resulted in a catastrophic defeat for Vijayanagara. Sadasiva Raya was a puppet ruler with Aliya Rama Raya as the regent.

Venkatapati Raya II shifted the capital from Penugonda to Chandragiri for better security and strategic positioning. The move was necessary due to continuous threats from the Deccan Sultans. Chandragiri offered a more defensible location in the declining empire.

Harihara Raya I (Hakka) and his brother Bukka (Bukkaraya) founded the Vijayanagara empire in 1336 AD. Harihara Raya I became the first ruler. They were originally in the service of the Kakatiyas and later inspired by Vidyaranya to establish the kingdom.

Harihara Raya I annexed the Hoysala kingdom to the Vijayanagara empire during his reign. This expansion secured control over key territories in Karnataka. The Hoysala capital was at Dwarasamudra near modern Hassan.

Tenali Ramakrishna wrote Pauduranga Mahatyam, which is dedicated to Krishnadeva Raya's grandson, and so it is believed that he was only a boy poet during Krishnadevaraya. He was known for wit and prodigious poetry written in the Telugu language. Scholars treat his famous work Panduranga Mahatyam as the one among the Pancha Kavyas, the five great books of Telugu Literature.

The gold coins of Vijayanagara kingdom were called Varahas, named after the boar emblem of the empire. Varahas were high-quality gold coins featuring the boar symbol. Other coin types included Paisa (copper), but Varahas were the prestigious gold currency.

An inscription at Shravanabelagola records that Bukkaraya I intervened to resolve a long-standing sectarian conflict between the Jainas and the Srivaishnavas, promoting religious harmony.

In the administrative hierarchy of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Nadus were further divided into smaller units called Sthalas, which consisted of groups of villages.

Hakka (Harihara I) and Bukka (Bukka Raya I) founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 AD on the banks of the Tungabhadra River with the guidance of Vidyaranya.

Gangadevi's 'Madhuravijayam' describes the victory of prince Kampana (son of Bukkaraya) over the Sultan of Madurai. The work is a Sanskrit poem praising the Vijayanagara conquest of Madurai. Kampana defeated the Madurai Sultanate and expanded Vijayanagara's territory into Tamil Nadu.

Deva Raya II, also known as Praudhadevaraya, was famously titled Gajabetekara, which translates to Elephant Hunter. This title reflected his military prowess and his habit of hunting elephants.

Krishnadevaraya assumed the title Yavanarajya Pratishtapanacharya after he defeated the Deccan Sultans and restored the Bahamani prince to the throne of Bidar, thereby acting as a restorer of the Bahamani kingdom.

Harihara, also called Hakka, was the founder of the Vijayanagara empire. He was Bhavana Sangama’s eldest son and was the founder of the Sangama dynasty, the first among the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara.

The early life of Hakka and his brother Bukka is relatively unknown and most accounts are based on various theories.

Dhurjati was a famous poet in the court of Krishnadevaraya and is the author of the Kalahastiswara Shatakam, a devotional work dedicated to Lord Shiva at Srikalahasti.

The chronological order of the four dynasties of the Vijayanagara Empire is Sangama (1336-1485), Saluva (1485-1505), Tuluva (1505-1570), and Araveedu (1570-1650).

Hampi, located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, served as the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire throughout its peak period.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, who belonged to the Sangama dynasty, the first of the four dynasties to rule the empire.

Lakkanna Dandesha was a prominent commander and minister under the reign of Deva Raya II (Praudhadevaraya).

The royal emblem of the Vijayanagara Empire was the Varaha, representing the wild boar, which was an avatar of Lord Vishnu.

Harihara I was given the title Vaidikamarga Sthapanacharya, meaning the establisher of the path of the Vedas, due to his patronage of Vedic scholarship and the completion of commentaries on the Vedas during his reign.

Krishnadevaraya assumed the title Yavanarajya Pratishtapanacharya after his military successes against the Deccan Sultans.

Ramraya was the last ruler of the Vijayanagar empire.

Ahmednagar, Bijapur, and Bidar were three of the five Deccan Sultanates. Raichur is a city and a region that was often contested between Vijayanagara and the Sultanates, but it was not a Sultanate itself.

Art historian Percy Brown described the architecture of the Vijayanagara temples as the great evolution of the Dravidian style.

Abdul Razzak was a Persian ambassador sent by the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh to the court of Deva Raya II in the 15th century.

The court of Krishnadevaraya was famous for the Ashtadiggajas, a group of eight great poets who contributed significantly to Telugu literature.

The Virupaksha temple was built over centuries while inscriptions
suggest that the earliest shrine dated to the ninth-tenth century. It
was substantially enlarged with the establishment of the Vijayanagara
Empire.

The Behamani kingdom in the Deccan was founded by Hasan Gangu in 1347.

Hampi is located on the Northern bank of Tungabhadra river,
which formed the nucleus of the Vijayanagara
Empire, founded in 1336. The magnificent ruins at
Hampi reveal a well-fortified city. 

Vijaynagar empire was built by two brothers Harihar and Bukka in 1336. It was named after the city of Vijayanagara which was the capital of this empire. The most powerful ruler of this empire was Krishnadeva Raya. Virupaksha was a form of Shiva which was chosen as a tutelary deity of the Vijayanagara Kings. After the death of Krishanadeva Raya, this empire gradually declined in power. Realising this weakness, Muslim Sultans of Ahmednagar, Bidar, Berar, Bijapur, and Golkonda joined their hand together and defeated their common enemy Vijayanagara in the battle of Talikota in 1565.

Krishnadevaraya was the greatest ruler in the history of the Vijayanagar empire. He was the third ruler of the Tuluva Dynasty. He became the dominant ruler by defeating the Sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, the Bahmani Sultanate and the Gajapatis of Odisha. He was one of the most powerful of all the Hindu rulers of India 

Ashtadiggajas is the collective title given to the eight Telugu poets in the court of the emperor Sri Krishnadevaraya who ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 until his death in 1529. During his reign, Telugu literature and culture reached its zenith. In his court, eight poets were regarded as the eight pillars of his literary assembly. The age of Ashtadiggajas is called Prabhanda age (1540 AD to 1600).

The Ayagars were a group of twelve village functionaries who managed the administrative and economic affairs of the villages in the Vijayanagara Empire.

Battle of Talikota in 1565 considered as the major downfall of the Vijayanagar Empire. The combined armies of Deccan Sultanates, that is, Bijapur, Golconda and Ahmednagar attacked the Vijayanagara kingdom and defeated the army of Vijayanagar King Rama Raya and killed him during the war.

Amuktamalyada is a celebrated Telugu epic poem written by the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya.

Vidyaranya, a sage and scholar, played a crucial role in inspiring and guiding the brothers Harihara and Bukka to establish the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

Tirumala Deva Raya, the brother of Rama Raya, established the Aravidu dynasty after the Battle of Talikota in 1565.

The Vijayanagara Empire derived significant wealth from its control over major seaports on both the eastern and western coasts, which facilitated extensive maritime trade.

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka was the founder of the Tuluva dynasty, which took power after the decline of the Saluva dynasty.

Lord Virupaksha, a form of Shiva, was the patron deity of the Vijayanagara rulers, and the Virupaksha temple in Hampi remains a central monument.

Harihara I was the first ruler of the Sangama dynasty, which he founded along with his brother Bukka Raya I.

Amuktamalyada is a famous literary work authored by the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya.

The Vijayanagara Empire was divided into several administrative units, with the Mandalam (province) being the largest division, followed by Rajya, Nadu, and Sthala.

Aliya Rama Raya was the de facto ruler and regent during the reign of Sadasiva Raya. He held the actual power while Sadasiva Raya remained a titular figurehead.

in 1565 Rama Raya, the chief minister of Vijayanagara, led the army into battle at Rakshasi-Tangadi (also known as Talikota), where his forces were routed by the combined armies of Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, and Golconda. The victorious armies sacked the city of Vijayanagara. The city was totally abandoned within a few years. The empire shifted to the east where the Aravidu dynasty ruled from Penukonda and later from Chandragiri (near Tirupati).

Harihara Raya II ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1377 to 1404. He was the son of Bukka Raya I and expanded the empire significantly.

Answer - (B) - He was the founder of the Tuluva dynasty

One of the main aspects of the Vijayanagara Empire history, was the regular conflicts with the Bahmani rulers, primarily over the Raichur-Tungabhadra Doab region.  It  was a conflict, that often kept going back and forth, with the Vijayanagara rulers winning at times, and Bahmani Sultans the other times. The frequent conflicts with the Bahmani Sultans, had not just devastated large parts of the Doab area, but also resulted in wholesale massacres and destruction of temples too. 

Sri Krishna Devaraya is widely considered the greatest ruler of the Tuluva dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire. His reign marked a golden age of literature, art, and military expansion.

Krishnadevaraya,
the most famous ruler of
Vijayanagara, composed a work
on statecraft in Telugu known
as the Amuktamalyada. 

The Raichur Doab, the fertile land between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers, was the primary cause of conflict between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahmani Sultanate.

Nicolo Conti was an Italian merchant and explorer who visited the Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century during the reign of Devaraya I.

Vallabhacharya was a prominent philosopher and saint who visited the court of Sri Krishnadeva Raya. The other options listed were active in different periods or regions.

Krishnadevaraya is widely regarded as the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire and is frequently compared to other great Indian emperors for his military prowess and patronage of arts.

Sayana was a famous Vedic scholar and minister in the court of the Vijayanagara Empire, known for his commentaries on the Vedas.

The four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara were Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu. Kondaveedu was a region/kingdom, not a dynasty of Vijayanagara.

Krishnadevaraya was the greatest emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire who reigned from 1509–1530. He was the third ruler of the Tuluva Dynasty. Presiding over the empire at its zenith, he is regarded as an icon by many Indians. Krishna Deva Raya earned the titles Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana, Andhra Bhoja and Mooru Rayara Ganda . He became the dominant ruler of the peninsula of India by defeating the Sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, the Bahmani Sultanate and the Raja of Odisha.

The Battle of Talikota, which led to the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire and the death of Ramaraya, occurred in 1565.

Krishnadevaraya maintained friendly relations with the Portuguese and supported them in their efforts to capture Goa.

Lakkanna Dandesha was a prominent commander and a poet who served under the Vijayanagara rulers.

Krishnadevaraya wrote 'Jambavati Kalyana' in Sanskrit and his masterpiece 'Amuktamalyada' in Telugu.

The 'Kalyana mandapa' (marriage hall) is a distinct architectural feature that became prominent in temple complexes during the Vijayanagara period.