Transportation and Communication - Class V

Air transport is universally recognized as the fastest method for moving passengers and goods over long distances compared to rail, water, or road.

Tata Motors is a major multinational automotive manufacturing company known for producing cars, trucks, and buses.

Indirect costs of accidents include lost productivity and time, while direct costs typically involve medical expenses and property damage. Both are considered significant economic impacts of workplace accidents.

B.  Kerala

According to National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), at present India boasts of a huge network of 33 lakh kilometres, making it the second largest road network in the world. This network, which includes both paved and unpaved roads, is categorised as National Highways, State Highways, major District roads, Rural and Other roads.

Historically, ancient travelers from India crossed the Himalayas via various mountain passes to reach Central Asia and beyond.

B. Roadways

Trails and footpaths long were the only means of communication in the Himalayas. Although those continue to be important, especially in the more remote locations, road transport now has made the Himalayas accessible from both north and south. In Nepal an east-west highway stretches through the Tarai lowlands, connecting roads that penetrate into many of the country’s mountain valleys.

Indian Railways is the primary mode of long-distance passenger transport in India, carrying millions of passengers daily.

The Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand is the traditional route used by pilgrims traveling to Mount Kailash and Mansarovar in Tibet.

The Jawahar Tunnel is a major road tunnel located in Jammu and Kashmir, providing an all-weather connection through the Banihal Pass.

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the autonomous agency of the Government of India responsible for the development and maintenance of the National Highways network.

Road transport is the primary and most common mode used to connect villages and towns. Other options like airways or waterways are generally used for long-distance or specialized travel.

Waterways are considered the cheapest means of transportation because they do not require the construction of tracks or roads and can carry large volumes of goods efficiently.

Airways is the fastest means of transportation, with jet aircraft capable of speeds exceeding 900 km/h. While railways are efficient for ground transport, they cannot match the speed of air travel. Waterways are the slowest, and roadways (not 'roaways') are intermediate in speed depending on the vehicle and road quality.

Noise pollution is caused by the loud and constant sounds generated by engines, horns, and traffic movement in urban areas.

Pollution introduces harmful substances into the environment, which damages ecosystems, health, and natural resources, thus having a destructive effect.

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is considered a cleaner fuel compared to petrol or diesel, as it produces significantly fewer pollutants when burned in vehicle engines.

In historical times, before modern engines, long-distance travel across oceans and seas was primarily conducted using sailing ships.

A cycle is a human-powered vehicle that does not burn fuel, making it a non-polluting mode of transport compared to motorized vehicles.

Nearly one crore vehicles are running
on Andhra Pradesh roads and about three
fourth of them are two wheelers.  The
functioning of transport system also
requires many support activities – petrol/
diesel pump stations, repairing shops, shops
selling transport vehicles and spare parts.

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation employs 1,20,000 persons to run its 20,000 buses so that these buses go all over Andhra Pradesh carrying Lakhs of people every day.

Most cities in our country are now experiencing pollution problems, congestion and traffic blocks. If there is no good public transport system more people start buying private vehicles, which can further increase the traffic blocks in urban areas because the roads may not be broad enough to accommodate all these vehicles. 

The first week of every year, the Road Transport departments all over the country celebrate Road Safety Week. On this occasion, they give guidelines to people to follow traffic rules.

People use a particular mode of transport depending on the facilities available and affordability. If the cost of travel is high, people may not be able to move from one place to another easily.

The ability for (relatively) anyone to travel anywhere in the world, the ability to communicate with nearly anyone (especially via social media), and greater access to the Internet and technology in general all contribute to the global village.

Pipeline transport is the long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas through a system of pipes—a pipeline—typically to a market area for consumption

The reason is that it is situated underground which means that it is not affected by any of the delays that might be caused on the roads and the railways for example traffic or labor delay.

Matching the terms: Internet is a means of communication (a-iv), Canal route is an inland waterway (b-iii), Urban areas are centers of trade/services (c-i), and Compact settlement refers to closely built houses (d-ii).

Metalled and unmetalled varieties are types of roads.

Metalled roads: These are the roads made of successive layers of smaller stones, until the road surface was composed of small stones compacted into a hard, durable surface. These are made up of cement concrete or coal tar. 

Unmetalled roads: Roads made up of mud and gravel which are generally found in the rural areas. These are uncovered roads.

 A highway network formed by connection of 4 major cities of India-Mumbai,Delhi,Chennai and Kolkata

The first week of every year, the Road Transport departments all over the country celebrate Road Safety Week. On this occasion, they give guidelines to people to follow traffic rules. The theme for road safety week 2017 was “Your safety, secures your family-Be cautious on Roads”.