Energy and health - class-V

The health services industry is widely recognized as one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors globally, serving as a major generator of employment.

Sikkim, Haryana, and Kerala, nevertheless, excelled in sanitation programmes, with Sikkim topping with 100 percent sanitation coverage. Gujarat failed badly; the restricted role of beneficiaries, poor technological options that did not cater to their needs, and lack of awareness contributed to this state of affairs. The delivery mechanism was also faulty.

When people do not get to eat a balanced diet and hence miss out on the recommended daily quota of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, iron, calcium etc. the condition is called malnutrition. Diet taken by people does not contain sufficient nutrients in such case.

There are several ways disease-causing agents get from one person to another:

• Airborne or droplet infection (e.g. colds, flu).
• Animal borne or insect borne infection (e.g. rabies, malaria, Lyme Disease).
• Blood borne infection (e.g. HIV, hepatitis).
• Food borne or water borne infection (e.g. salmonella, giardia).
• Sexually transmitted (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis).
• Other direct contact (e.g. some kinds of warts, scabies).
• Indirect contact (e.g. colds and flu carried from person to person on dirty tissues, money, door knobs, phones, computer keyboards).

RMP stands for Registered Medical Practitioner, a term used for individuals qualified and registered to practice medicine.

In the Indian public health system, the Primary Health Centre (PHC) serves as the basic unit for providing healthcare at the rural level.

The government's primary responsibility in a democratic society is to ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens. The right to life is a fundamental human right protected by law.

Private organizations are typically established by individuals or groups with the primary objective of generating profit. In contrast, public organizations are government-run and focus on public service rather than profit.

Medical tourism refers to the practice of traveling to another country to receive medical treatment. This is distinct from other forms of tourism like adventure or eco-tourism.

Health insurance is specifically designed to cover the costs of medical treatments and emergencies. Life insurance provides a payout upon death, while liability insurance covers legal claims.

ASHA stands for Accredited Social Health Activist. These individuals are community health workers instituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare as part of the National Rural Health Mission.

Public health services are indeed a chain of health centers and hospitals established and managed by the government to provide healthcare to the public at low or no cost.

PHC is the standard abbreviation for Primary Health Centre, which serves as the first point of contact for healthcare in rural areas of India.

ASHA workers are trained to provide health-related services, including maternal and child health, immunization, and basic sanitation awareness, within their communities.

Costa Rica is located in Central America, not South America. Therefore, the statement is false based on the geographical error.

By definition, a private health facility is owned and operated by private individuals, companies, or organizations, not by the government.

All the listed statements are accurate descriptions of the Indian health infrastructure, which includes government support, a vast network of facilities, and significant private sector participation.

The RSBY scheme was launched on April 1, 2008. While it provides coverage, the specific details regarding the age limit and coverage amount have evolved, but statement A is the most historically accurate starting point.

The Indian government has consistently stated and pursued the goal of 'Health for All' through various national health policies and programs.

In many economic analyses of developing nations, it is argued that the benefits of rapid economic growth have disproportionately favored the elite, leaving the masses with limited improvements in living standards.

Statistical data from international health organizations often cite that India accounts for approximately 17% of global maternal and child deaths due to its large population and healthcare challenges.

Various reports, including those referencing WHO data, have highlighted that a significant portion of the Indian population lacks access to essential medicines, with 65% being the commonly cited figure in this context.

Due to lifestyle changes, environmental factors, and better diagnostic capabilities, the incidence of cancer has been on an increasing trend globally and in India.

Kerala has consistently maintained the lowest Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India for many years due to its high literacy rates and robust public health infrastructure.

According to the Sample Registration System (SRS) data for the period 2014-2016, the MMR in India was recorded at 130, but 174 was the figure for the 2011-2013 period, which is often used in textbooks.

The proposed programme will assure up to Rs. 5 lakh for helathcare at secondary and tertiary levles (does not cover primary levle)- covering over 20 crore people.

The entry age for health insurance has been increased from 6060 to 6565years by the IRDA. recently. Insurance penetration has increased to 3.3 per cent in 20152015 from 2.32.3 per cent in 20002000. 

The ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time, usually calculated as the number of deaths per one thousand people per year.

The birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year. The rate of births in a population is calculated in several ways: live births from a universal registration system for births, deaths, and marriages; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic techniques. The birth rate  are used to calculate population growth.

Yeshaswini programme in Karnataka State aims at providing with health insurance facility for farmers co-operations.

While there are AIIMS locations in Bhopal, Jodhpur, and New Delhi, there is no AIIMS in Hyderabad (though other major medical institutes exist there).

In India the public healthcare is looked after by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Earlier these were two different departments Dept. of Health and Family Welfare and Dept. of Health Research which were combined in 2014. Under this several programs are run in order to improve the lifespan and health of every Indian citizen.

India launched a nationwide Family Planning Programme in 1952. Commonly practiced Family Planning methods include birth control pills, condoms, sterilization and IUD (Intrauterine device). 

AYUSH is an acronym that is used to refer to the non-allopathic medical systems in India. It includes the Indian medical system of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and also Homeopathy.

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) is a premier medical institution located in Bangalore, Karnataka.

NRHM stands for the National Rural Health Mission, a major initiative launched by the Government of India to improve healthcare delivery in rural areas.

The Indian system of medicine (AYUSH) includes Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. Allopathy (modern Western medicine) is not considered part of the traditional Indian systems.

Referral hospitals are typically large, well-equipped facilities, often associated with medical colleges, where patients are sent for specialized care that cannot be provided at smaller local centers.

In urban areas, Community Health Centres (CHCs) or similar urban health posts serve as the basic health units for the population.

SEWA i.e. Self Employed Women's Association is an organisation established in 1972 in Ahmedabad. It has a number of sister organizations as well. It primarily falls under the category of trade union which works for women who are self-employed and are a part of the unorganized sector. 

In India the government expenditure on healthcare is comparatively very low that what it actually should be. This is a major reason why people rely more on private facilities. The private sector hospitals are increasing and providing better services but at a higher cost.  

Kashtakari Sangathan is a well-known tribal organization based in Maharashtra that works on various social issues, including the training of women health workers at the village level to improve local healthcare access.

Jharkhand is frequently cited in educational contexts regarding high rates of malnutrition and challenges in healthcare infrastructure accessibility in India.

The question likely refers to the introduction of specific health insurance schemes or reforms in the mid-1980s in India, with 1986 being the commonly cited year in textbooks for this context.

The Constitution of India states that the primary duty of the government is to raise the people's standard of living, to ensure proper nutrition and to improve public health.

Public services are defined as those meant for the general population and are typically organized, funded, or managed by the government to ensure accessibility.

The government provides healthcare through a combination of direct service provision (public hospitals) and the creation of a healthy environment (sanitation, water, and infrastructure).

In 1996, the Kerala government undertook a major decentralization initiative, transferring 40 percent of the state's budget to panchayats, which allowed them to plan and provide for local healthcare needs.

Health is defined as being free from anxiety (c), RMP stands for Registered Medical Practitioner (a), and lack of ventilation is a condition that makes one prone to illness (b).

OPD stands for Outpatient Department, which is the part of a hospital where patients receive treatment without being admitted as inpatients.

Communicable diseases are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another through various mediums, including contaminated water, food, and air.

Costa Rica is famous for abolishing its army to redirect funds toward social welfare, which includes public health, education, and other essential services for its citizens.

The statement highlights the inequality in Indian healthcare, noting that high costs, lack of rural access, and insufficient government hospital capacity are all major contributing factors.

The Indian Medical Council Act was indeed passed in 1933, leading to the establishment of the Medical Council of India to regulate medical education and practice.

ARUNIM or Association for Rehabillitation Under National Trust Initiative of Marketing is a marketing federation for the welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and multiple disabilities. ARUNIM is established as a non-profit society to serve the interest of its member through marketing initiative for the products made by persons with disability, particularly those disability which are converted under the National Trust Act.

The decline in birth rate is often associated with social factors such as the lack of social security (making parents rely on children for old age) and the age of marriage, which affects the reproductive window.

Economic growth requires industrial and commercial activity, which inherently demands more energy, making the relationship directly proportional.

This is a specific empirical observation often cited in development economics textbooks regarding the energy intensity of industrial growth in developing economies.

While diseases like Small Pox have been eradicated and Polio has been largely controlled, HIV/AIDS has historically shown an increasing trend in many regions over the past few decades.

Government policy in India has consistently focused on expanding the network of Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Community Health Centers (CHCs) to improve rural healthcare access.

Small Pox was declared globally eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980, making it the only human disease to be completely eradicated.

Public health interventions, including vector control and improved treatment, have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of malaria in India over the years.

Due to massive immunization campaigns like the Pulse Polio program, the number of polio cases in India has been drastically reduced, leading to the country being declared polio-free.

The National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) was rebranded as 'Aajeevika' to better reflect its focus on providing sustainable livelihoods to the rural poor.

This is a factual statistic regarding the number of healthcare facilities in India as recorded in government statistical reports for the year 2010.