Natural resources - water

• The ultimate source of water is the water bodies which are present on earth which includes large oceans, seas, rivers, etc. Rain is only the way of water returning to their sources which they have lost by evaporation.
• This rain is not an ultimate source of water .the ultimate source are the water bodies present on earth example large oceans, rivers etc
• So, the correct answer is 'False'.

• Water is one of the most valuable resources on Earth. Rainwater fills reservoirs that supply drinking water, provide a habitat for fish to live, and nourishes the soil with water necessary for vegetation.
• Hence Heavy rainfall is not responsible for water shortage.
• So, the correct answer is 'Heavy rainfall'.

Evaporation from the oceans is the most important in water cycle, because it comprises of the major part of global water cycle.

Protoplasm is the material comprising the living contents of a cell. It consists of 70- 90% water along with the minerals, sugars, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, etc. The translocation of nutrients inside the body occurs viz. blood which also major consists of water. In an environment with excessive heat, water loss in the form of sweating keeps the body cool. Thus, water maintains body temperature. 

Water evaporates as water vapour from water bodies like lakes, rivers, seas, etc. It then cools as it moves up and condenses to form clouds of tiny water droplets. When the cloud is saturated with warm droplets, precipitation occurs in the form of rain.

The primary source of water on the surface of the earth is rain. Rain is mainly formed due to the precipitation of vapours accumulated due to evaporation. Some part of the rainwater is available as ground water which can be used in case of adversity.

The water cycle involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The surface water evaporates by the process of evaporation which condenses into tiny droplets which falls on the earth as rain as a source of the atmospheric cycle. Surface waters and atmospheric cycles are thus overlaps in hydrological cycles. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Water is a polar molecule, making it hydrophilic and a good solvent. It also exhibits high surface tension. Hydrophobic properties are characteristic of non-polar substances, not water.

Transpiration is the process in which plants lose water as water vapor during photosynthesis. This water is added to the moisture in air saturating it and hence generating rainfall. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Evaporation and photosynthesis are two process through which water is returned to the atmosphere during water cycle.

In the given figure, X is evaporation. Evaporation is the process of conversion of water into vapour. Water vapour rises up into the atmosphere and cools down to form clouds.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions, covering about 30% of the Earth's surface.

A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions that results in water-related problems, primarily caused by a significant deficit in expected rainfall.

The hydrosphere is the total amount of water present on the planet which includes the surface water, underground water and in the air (Atmosphere) as water vapor. Hydrosphere can be liquid, ice or vapor. 

Amount of water recommended by the United Nations for drinking, washing, cooking and maintaining proper hygiene is a minimum of 50 liters per person per day.

Distilled water is a bad conductor of electricity as it is electrically neutral. However, tap water is a good conductor of electricity as it may contain some impurities and therefore, the ions flow resulting in the conductivity. So, this statement is "false".

The Sargasso Sea is often called an oceanic desert because it has low nutrient levels and low biological productivity compared to surrounding waters.

Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase change) that occurs without changing its temperature.

It is a standard meteorological estimate that if all atmospheric water vapor were to precipitate at once, it would cover the globe to a depth of approximately 1 inch (about 25 mm).

Water wise habit is to conserve water by using alternatives to water or reducing the usage of water. Water is used for cleaning the floor, utensils etc 

Reaeration is the process by which oxygen is added to water, often enhanced by turbulence and high velocity in rivers, which increases the surface area exposed to air.

A lotic system refers to flowing water, such as rivers and streams, as opposed to lentic systems, which refer to still water like ponds and lakes.

In a stratified lake, the epilimnion is the top layer, which is warmer and less dense than the deeper layers.

Water is a chemical compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, represented by the formula H2O.

The Sahel region of Africa, a semi-arid belt south of the Sahara, is historically and frequently impacted by severe and prolonged droughts.

Water shortage is the water scarcity that may be caused by altered weather patterns including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of freshwater. Sea water cannot be used for daily activities because of the salt content. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The Oceans hold about 97% of water, and the Glaciers and polar ice caps hold another 2%. The polar ice caps contain 77% of the world's fresh water supply and another 22% is trapped in the ground which leaves only 3% of the world’s fresh water supply in lakes and rivers.

The hydrological cycle is a prominent method to rejuvenate the fresh water resources. It involves the evaporation of water into water vapour by the heat of the sun which further condenses into tiny water droplets which fall on the earth as rain. This continuous recycling of water leads to recharging of the water resources. 

Transpiration in plants plays a vital role in the water cycle. The plants transpire and lose water in the form of gases from its aerial parts which increases the moisture content in the atmospheric air. So, the air gets saturated with moisture at a faster rate and causes rainfall. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The hydrological cycle is a prominent method to rejuvenate the fresh water resources. It involves the evaporation of water into water vapour by the heat of the sun which further condenses into tiny water droplets which fall on earth as rain. Thus, the process like evaporation and condensation and precipitation plays an important role.

• The hydrological cycle is a prominent method to rejuvenate the freshwater resources. 
• It involves the evaporation of water into water vapor by the heat of the sun which further condenses into tiny water droplets that fall on the earth as rain.
• This continuous recycling of water leads to the recharging of water resources. 
• The solar radiation plays an important role in the water cycle.
  
  Hence, option D is correct.

• The global water cycle describes the water movement globally. It is a complex pathway that includes the passage of water from the gaseous envelope around the planet called the atmosphere, through the bodies of water on the surface of the earth such as the oceans, glaciers, and lakes, and at the same time passing through the soil and rock layers underground. 
• Later, the water is returned to the atmosphere. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning and it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration, runoff, and storage. 

Forests help mitigate drought by increasing local humidity and rainfall through transpiration, and by preventing soil erosion, which maintains the soil's water-holding capacity. Since both statements A and B are correct, D is the best choice.

More the number of water bodies in an area more is evaporation of water in that area. As a result, more clouds are formed and there is an increase in rainfall in that area.

• The process of nitrogen metabolism is not involved in the water cycle. By the process of photosynthesis, plants absorb water from the soil. Through transpiration, they lose water back to the atmosphere through stomata.
•  By the process of evaporation, water from water bodies is condensed leading to the formation of clouds. 
• Clouds then shower rainfall that restores the water evaporated from water bodies and also the groundwater levels.

During evaporation, water takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. It releases energy when it condenses and warms the environment. This causes a change in the temperature as well as the humidity of the surrounding. Thus the correct answer is option D.

The water is a poor conductors of heat so do not heated by conduction.  When water is heated, the water became lighter. Hot water rises up. The cold water from the sides moves  down towards the source of heat. This water also gets hot and rises and water from the sides moves down.  This process continues till the whole water gets heated. This mode of heat transfer is known as convection.

The hydrological cycle is a prominent method to rejuvenate the fresh water resources. It involves the evaporation of water into water vapor by the heat of the sun which further condenses into tiny water droplets which fall on the earth as rain. The process of condensation that forms rain is also known as precipitation.

• The hydrological cycle is a prominent method to rejuvenate freshwater resources.
• It involves the evaporation of water into water vapor by the heat of the sun which further condenses into tiny water droplets that fall on the earth as rain. This continuous recycling of water leads to the recharging of water resources.
• It includes the interconversion of different states of water. The ice present in the glaciers melts due to the overheating of the earth and enters the hydrological cycle.
  
  

Runoff is one of the ways by which water moves across earth's surface, it can be both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the water may seep into the ground, evaporate into the air, stored in lakes or reservoirs, which are then to be extracted for agricultural or other human uses. 

Water cycle, carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle are essential to maintaining balance in an ecosystem. Water evaporates due to heating and gets converted into water vapour. The vapours cool down and return back to earth as rain.

Condensation is the process where water vapor cools and changes into liquid water droplets, forming clouds and eventually leading to precipitation.

Deforestation reduces the land's ability to retain moisture, and pollution can disrupt local water cycles, both of which are significant contributors to the severity of droughts.

Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger main river or lake.

Lakes are typically fed by surface runoff, rivers, and underground springs that discharge water into the basin.

Rivers are formed by the convergence of smaller water channels, including rills, brooks, and streams, which gradually increase in volume.

An aquifer is an underground body of permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. Since none of the specific choices like underground lake or river correctly define an aquifer, none of the above is correct.

71% of earth's surface is covered with water and 29% covered with land. This percentage of water is not only obvious sources of water like lakes, ponds, oceans but also the obvious sources of water like water in the air, frozen icecaps, glaciers, snow and underground water.

BOD measures the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter. Sewage contains high levels of organic matter, which increases microbial activity and thus increases BOD.

Vegetation cover on the ground helps to hold the soil in place. It also helps in percolating water into the deeper layers of the soil. The absence of vegetational cover may lead to soil erosion.

Fresh water is defined by having low concentrations of dissolved salts. Lakes, streams, rivers, and glaciers are the primary sources of fresh water on Earth.

Saturation vapor pressure is a function of temperature; as air temperature increases, the kinetic energy of water molecules increases, allowing more to exist in the vapor phase.

A lake is a large body of water surrounded by land, typically filling a basin or depression.

Humans require fresh water for consumption because high salt concentrations in ocean, sea, or marine water are harmful to human health.

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight.

The Red Sea is located within a rift valley, which is a type of tectonic structure formed by faulting.

Water vapor is the gaseous state of water, which is invisible to the human eye.

Distilled water is commonly used across manufacturing and within industry when the highest quality of water is required.

The total volume of water in the hydrosphere is estimated to be approximately 1.36 billion cubic kilometers, or 1360 million cubic kilometers.

Water exists at the earth's surface as liquid, solid, and vapour. It is changing from one of those three states to another. The total amount of water near the surface of the earth stays almost the same through time. One of the most important steps in the water cycle involves evaporation of water from the ocean surface, transport in the form of water vapour to the continents by winds, and precipitation as rain or snow on the continents. The rainfall then runs off by way of streams, rivers, and groundwater back to the ocean. Almost 4.46 10^20 gram per year of water is recycled in the form of rains per year.

The hydrosphere encompasses all water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, and groundwater.

An area with relatively little precipitation due to the presence of mountain range is called as rainshadow. This barrier causes the prevailing winds to lose their moisture on the windward side of the mountain ranges thereby causing the leeward side to be dry. The rain shadow effect, therefore, brings in rainfall to certain mountain ranges while its other side is generally a dry desert area. The prevailing wing or the  "trade winds" as they are called  are located at 30° North and 30° South latitudes. The trade winds which are present in the Northern Hemisphere come from the northeast, and those in the Southern Hemisphere come from the southeast. The "Westerly winds" are located 30 and 60 degrees latitudes, and, in contrast to the trade winds, originate from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and originate from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere

The frontal or the cyclonic rainfall occurs along the front. The front refers to an area where the cold polar air and the warm tropical air collide and do not mix. There develops a boundary called front. This is usually seen in the coastal areas. The condensation of the air along the front forms the clouds and precipitation occurs, called the frontal rain. When the warm air replaces the cold air, it is called warm front and it causes less intense rainfall over a large area. When the cold air replaces the warm air, it is called the cold front and it causes intense rainfall over a small area.