Family fabaceae - class-XI

Cicer arietinum, commonly known as chickpea, gram or Bengal gram is an annual legume belonging to family Fabaceae or Papilionaceae. The chickpea seeds are rich in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes and it is native to Middle East countries. It is used for human consumption and it is also used as animal fodder because it is rich in protein content. So, the correct answer is 'Papilionaceae'.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as a legume, pea or bean family is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, annual or perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs. Fabaceae includes a number of agricultural and food plants such as cereals, pulses, fruits, roots etc. Hence, plants which provide pulses such as chickpea, Bengal gram etc. belong to family Fabaceae.

Margarine is a processed food that is designed to taste and look similar to butter. Margarine is an inexpensive alternative to butter, made from groundnut oil or a combination of vegetable oils through the process of hydrogenation. Margarine is a spread used for flavouring, baking, and cooking that was first made in France in 1869.

Arhar is a type of lentils also known as toor or tuvar. These are like flat discs, split and sometimes sold with an oil coating that you can just wash off. The botanical name of Arhar is Cajanus cajan which is commonly known as pigeon pea. It is a perennial legume belonging to the family Fabaceae or Papilionaceae. It is consumed on a very large scale in South Asia and is a major source of protein for the population of the Indian subcontinent.

• The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants.
• The green gram is a small, round olive green bean with a sweet flavour and soft texture belonging to family Leguminosae
  
• Saraca indica, commonly known as Asoka-tree, Ashok or simply Asoca, is a plant belonging to the family Leguminosae.
  
• Paddy also called rice paddy which belongs to the family Gramineae (grass family).
  
• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree which belongs to the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Paddy'

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) belongs to the family Leguminosae (also known as Fabaceae).

• Cicer arietinum ( chick pea ) is an annual legume of the family fabaceae
• Its different types are also known as gram or Bengal gram.
• They are high in proteins.
• So the correct answer is 'Bengal gram'.

Arachis hypogea, commonly known as groundnut is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds and edible oil. The protein content ranges from 22–30% of its total calories, making peanuts a great source of plant-based protein. They are also good sources of vitamin E, niacin, folate and manganese.

• Glycine max  (soy bean) is a species of legume , widely grown for its edible bean.
• A milk like preparation called soy milk is produced by soaking and grinding soya beans and then boiling the mixture and filtering out the particulates .
• It is a stable emulsion of oil, water and proteins.
• So the correct answer is 'Glycine max'

• Groundnut produces lomentum fruits which s a type of indehiscent legume fruit that breaks apart at constrictions occurring between segments so that each segment contains one seed. It is a type of schizocarp. 

• So, the correct answer is 'Fruit'

Poor man's protein comes from the family Papilionaceae of the flowering plants. Also known as Fabaceae or Leguminosae, these are commonly referred to as the legume or the pea family and are economically very important. This family with its extraordinary diversity of legumes there is a wide variety of edible vegetables provide to make up the protein content in the daily food basket. 

 Stamens are the male reproductive part of a flower, it consists of anther and filament. They are of two types:

The family Fabaceae is alternatively known as Leguminosae. It is one of the largest families of flowering plants, consisting of 730 genera and over 19,400 species. The Leguminosae means the legume family and refers to the type of fruit, which is dry at maturity. It serves as a source of food.

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is also known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean and sometimes known as Egyptian pea, ceci, cece or chana. Its seeds are high in protein. Chickpeas are a nutrient-dense food, providing rich content of protein, dietary fibre, folate, and certain dietary minerals such as iron and phosphorus. Thiamin, vitamin B6, magnesium and zinc contents are moderate. Chickpeas have a Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score of about 76 percent, which is higher than fruits, vegetables, many other legumes, and cereals. So, major source of protein is Cicer arietinum compared to Oryza sativa (rice), Beta vulgaris (beet root) and Rhizobium (bacteria). 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Leguminosae is commonly known as grain, legumes or pea family. It is important for pulses. Grain legumes are cultivated for pulses. 

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is commonly known as the legume or pea family. They are economically important family of flowering plants. The Poaceae are a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The Poaceae is the fifth largest plant family. Poaceae belongs to grass family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. It produces economically useful plants such as Barley, Maize, Oats, Rice, Bamboo, Meadow-grass, Ryegrass, etc. Most of the economically important plants in Febaceae family are herbs. 

Twisted aestivation is found in Malvaceae family. The characteristics of this family include, hypogynous, pentamerous flowers, presence of epicalyx, twisted aestivation of petals, basal part of the petals united with the basal part of the staminal tube, stamens are monadelphous and axile placentation. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

All pulses belong to family Fabaceae. The flowers in Fabaceae family are perigynous and zygomorphic. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The petals are overlapping in bud with the posterior petal outermost in position. The two lowermost petals are joined together called as the keel petals. The lateral petals are often called as the wings. The pistil is simple, consisting of a single style and stigma and a superior ovary with one locule containing many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume.

Fabaceae is famous as Leguminosae or bean and pea family. This single monophyletic family possess three sub-families such as Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae.

While the family is known by the presence of five sepals, zygomorphic flower, gamosepalous. It has imbricate aestivation. The placentation is marginal with one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary (superior). Its ovules attached at the fusion of the carpel's margins and not axile (where the ovary is divided by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules).

Therefore, the correct answer is option E.

The androecium is the male part of an angiospermic flower which is composed of two or more stamens. They are called essential organs because the androecium is involved in reproduction. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10,  diadelphous and anthers are dithecous. Diadelphous stamens are those which are united by their filaments so as to form two groups.

The gynoecium is the female reproductive organs of a flower which is composed of a group of pistils. In Fabaceae, the ovary is superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, style is single. Hence, the gynoecium of Fabaceae is monocarpellary.

• Medicago sativa, commonly known as Alfalfa is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important fodder plant in many countries around the world.

• Melilotus indicus is a yellow-flowered herb native to northern Africa, Europe and Asia. It is an annual and perennial herb. It is used as a source of nectar, fodder and soil improver.

• Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Egyptian clover or Berseen clover is an annual clover cultivated mostly in irrigated subtropical regions. It is used as fodder mainly for cattle and milk buffalo.

• So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as pea, bean or legume family and are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs and perennial or annual herbaceous plants which can be easily recognised by a fruit (legume). The ovary is most typically develops into legume. A legume is a simple, dry fruit that usually dehisces on two sides. Legume is commonly known as a pod.

Peanut or groundnut, taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seed and oil present in the seed. It is widely grown in tropics and subtropics, is important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified both as a grain legume and as an oil crop. Peanut oil is used in cooking. So, the correct answer is 'Arachis hypogaea'.

Root nodules are present on the roots of plants (primarily Fabaceae) which is associated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. Nodulated roots are characteristic of Fabaceae. The Fabaceae include legume crops such as peas and beans.

Marginal placentation is a feature of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae. The flowers show monocarpellary apocarpous gynoecium with the placenta being developed on the ridge along the ventral suture and the ovules are borne on this ridge. This type of placentation is called marginal placentation.

Abrus precatorius, commonly known as jequirity bean, rosary pea, crab eye seed is a herbaceous flowering plant belonging to Fabaceae. It is a slender perennial climber with long, pinnate leafleted leaves that twines around trees, shrubs and hedges. The seeds of Abrus precatorius are much valued in native jewellery for their bright colouration and are very consistent in weight. Formerly, these seeds were used to weigh gold. So, the correct answer is 'Abrus precatorius'.

• Butea monosperma, commonly known as flame of the forest and bastard teek is native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is used for timber, resin, fodder, medicine and dye.

• Xylia xylocarpa is a perennial tree belonging to family Fabaceae. It produces timber, medicine and the seeds are edible.

• So, the correct answer is 'Butea monosperma and Xylia xylocarpa'.

Cajanus cajan, commonly known as pigeon pea is a perennial legume belonging to family Fabaceae. It is most commonly used as food and consumed on a large scale mainly in South Asia and is a major source of protein for the population of the Indian subcontinent.

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as pea, bean or legume family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, perennial or annual herbaceous plants which can be easily recognised by fruits (legume). It includes a variety of pulses such as chickpea, garden pea and important agricultural and food plants such as soya bean, beans, alfalfa, peanut etc.

Disciflorae is an artificial group of plants based on Bentham and Hooker classification. The group Disciflorae are polypetalous and dicotyledonous. It comprises flowers having prominent disc-shaped thalamus below the ovary. The ovary is superior. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. Fabaceae belongs to the series Disciflorae

In agriculture, green manure is created by leaving uprooted or sown crop parts to grow on the field so that they improve soil properties. In green manure, quick-growing crops such as Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum which are cultivated and ploughed into the soil which increases crop yield by 30-50%. Crotolaria juncea, commonly known as Indian hemp is a tropical Asian plant belonging to family Fabaceae. Alhagi camerolum, commonly known as camelthorn belongs to family Fabaceae. So, the correct answer is 'Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum'.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, perennial or annual herbaceous plants, shrubs which can be easily recognised by their fruit (legume) and their compound leaves. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (united by filaments into two groups i.e.,(9)+1. Posterior stamen is free and nine are fused at the filaments

Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as groundnut or peanut is a legume crop which is grown mainly for its edible seeds and oil present in the seeds i.e in cotyledons. It belongs to family Fabaceae. In groundnut, the cotyledons are the source of food and oil. Peanut oil is often used in cooking. Due to its monounsaturated content, it is considered more healthful than saturated oils and it is resistant to rancidity. So, the correct answer is 'Cotyledons'.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs and annual or perennial herbaceous plants which can be easily recognised by their fruit and compound leaves. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens are united by their filaments to form two groups i.e.,(9)+1 ). Posterior stamen is free and filaments of nine are fused to form a sheath around the ovary

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants containing papilionaceous corolla. In Fabaceae, the petals are 5 - the outermost posterior petal (vexillum or standard) is the largest petal and it encloses all the essential organs, two lateral petals (wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina.

Glycine max, commonly known as soyabean or soybean is the species of legume belonging to family Fabaceae. It is native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soybeans are a globally important crop, providing oil and protein. Cultivation is successful in climates with hot summers, with optimum growing conditions in mean temperatures of 20 to 30 °C.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae, commonly known as a legume, pea and bean family is an economically important family of flowering plants. In Fabaceae, the flowers are medianly zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. Ascending imbricate aestivation (posterior petal overlaps) is seen. Petals are five, polypetalous (flowers having distinct or separate petals).

Pisum commonly known as a pea is a genus of flowering plant belonging to family Fabaceae. In Fabaceae, the flowers are zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. The petals 5, polypetalous, the posterior outermost petal is large (the vexillum or standard), two lateral petals (the wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure (the keel or carina), descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups). Placentation is marginal (placenta forms a rigid along ventral side and ovules are arranged in two vertical rows). So, the correct answer is 'Pisum'.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. Vexillary aestivation is seen in members of Fabaceae. In vexillary aestivation, the outermost posterior petal is large which is known as the vexillum or standard, two lateral petals are known as the wings or alae, and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina. Hence, vexillum is found in Papilionaceae.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, annual or perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs. In Papilionaceae, the petals are 5 - outermost posterior petal is large which is known as the vexillum or standard, two lateral petals are known as the wings or alae, and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina. Hence, the correct arrangement of the corolla is 1+2+(2).

Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. In Fabaceae, the flowers are zygomorphic (radial symmetry), bisexual. The stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups). The gynoecium is monocarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary.

Soybean is the richest in protein.  36-56% of the dried weight in soybean is protein in nature. Glycine and conglycine are the main proteins which make upto 80% of the total protein.

The family Papilionaceae is the largest of the three families of the order Leguminales. Eg: Gram.

Members of the genus Arachis exhibit geocarpy. This is a rare form of plant reproduction which involves the plant to plant its own seeds. After fertilization, the flower stalk elongates and bends towards the ground. Geocarpic plants like peanuts increase the opportunity of their offspring to survive long enough to germinate and grow.

Green gram is called mung bean. Its scientific name is Vigna radiata.  It belongs to the 

Lathyrism is a neurological disorder in humans. It is caused due to consumption of legume belonging to genus Lathyrus, particularly  Lathyrus sativus  or Khesari dal. The cause of the disease is due to neurotoxin ODAP ($\beta$ - oxalyl,L $\alpha$ - diaminopropionic acid) which is structural analogue of  neurotransmitter glutamate. Which results in paralysis of the lower limbs.

Pea nut belongs to the family Fabaceae or Papilionaceae. It is the  second-largest family in dicots with 600 genera. 

The lens (strophiole) is a specialized structure found in Fabaceae (legume) seeds, appearing as a lens-shaped thickening near the hilum. It plays a crucial role in water absorption during germination. This characteristic is specific to legumes and is not found in Asteraceae, Malvaceae, or Solanaceae seeds. Note that 'Solanaeae' is a typo for 'Solanaceae'.

Most pulses (dal, chana, rajma, lobhia, etc.) belong to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family, which includes all legumes cultivated for their edible seeds. Solanaceae includes vegetables like potato and tomato. Liliaceae includes onions and garlic. Poaceae (note: 'Poceae' is a typo) includes cereals like wheat and rice.

Characteristic features of the family Fabaceae are -
1. Leaves are usually alternate and compound.
2. The flowers are zygomorphic and in general, have five fused sepals.
3. The petals are also five free.
4. The presence of having a short usually cup-shaped hypanthium.
5. Stamens ten in number, superior ovary and curved style.
6. Placentation marginal.
Flowers of Fabaceae do not show actinomorphic nature, twisted aestivation and gamopetaly. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Fabaceae is known as Leguminosae or bean and pea family. This single monophyletic family has three sub-families such as Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae.
While the family is characterized by presence of five sepals, zygomorphic flower, gamesepelous and has an imbricate aestivation, the placentation is marginal with one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary (superior) and ovules attached at the fusion of the carpel's margins and not axile ( where the ovary is sectioned by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules).
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Macrosclereids are elongated sclerieds usually found in outer layer of seed coat of legume seeds. These cells are responsible for restricting water uptake by hard seeded legumes. These are found in Fabaceae. 

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants perennials or annuals, which are easily recognized by their fruit and their compound, stipulated leaves. The group is widely distributed and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 630 genera and over 18,860 species. So, Fabaceae is an alternative of Leguminosae and not Solanaceae, Compositae and Malvaceae. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules inside the ovary. The ovary in which the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules develop on two separate rows is known to have marginal placentation. It is characteristic of legumes like pea.

Papilionaceous corolla is characterised with butterfly-shape because the petals are of different sizes and they show descending pattern of imbrication. The largest posterior petal is called vexillum and it overlaps the lateral petals called wings. The wings overlap the innermost fused petals called keel or carina. It is a characteristic of the family Fabaceae.

Cercis siliquastrum, commonly known as the Judas tree or Judas-tree, is a small deciduous tree from Southern Europe and Western Asia which is noted for its prolific display of deep pink flowers in spring. This species forms a small tree up to 12 m (39 ft) in height and 10 m (32 ft) in width. The deep pink flowers are produced on year-old or older growth, including the trunk, in spring. Also, the flowers display a blossom with five free petals and fused sepals. This shape is specific to the Fabaceae. The leaves appear shortly after the first flowers emerge. These are cordate with a blunt apex, which occasionally has a shallow notch at the tip. The tree produces long flat pods that hang vertically. The flowers are edible and purportedly have a sweet-acid taste. There is a belief that Judas Iscariot hanged himself from a tree of this species. Another possible source for the vernacular name is the fact that the flowers and seed pods can dangle direct from the trunk in a way reminiscent of Judas's possible method of suicide.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, herbs, shrubs and rarely woody climbers. Leaves are usually pinnately compound with a pulvinate base, flowers are zygomorphic, Corolla is papilionaceous, posterior petal innermost, sepals free, odd sepal is anterior. Hence, odd sepal is characteristic in family Fabaceae.

Liquorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous, perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia such as India. Liquorice root extracts are used in herbal and traditional medicine. It is used as an expectorant (promotes the secretion of sputum from air passages) in the treatment of coughs. So, the correct answer is 'Root'.

Aeschynomene is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. They are commonly known as joint vetches. These legumes are more common in warm regions and many species are aquatic.

Plants that are in a symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria present in roots to carry out nitrogen fixation have nodules in their roots where bacteria are localized. This is the special adaptation found in pulses which belongs to the family Fabaceae to fulfill their nitrogen requirements.

Aschynomene is a genus belonging to the family Fabaceae. The used part of Aschynomene is the wood of the stem (often mistaken as pith). The woods of Aschynomene species is one of the lightest woods in the world. The wood feels like a piece of thermacol or even lighter than the cork. The wood is bright-white to off-white in colour.

Glycine max commonly known as soyabean or soybean is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses. Soyabean meal is a significant and cheap source of proteins for animal feeds and many packaged meals.

Corolla is the second axillary whorl composed of petals. Like calyx, corolla also protects essential stamens and carpels within. Papilionaceous corolla has five free petals resembling a butterfly. The posterior superior petal is larger than the others (vexillum or standard), two anterior inferior petals which are usually more or less united forming a boat-shaped structure (carina or keel), two lateral petals called wings which overlap the carina and are themselves overlapped with the vexillum. This is a characteristic of subfamily Papilionaceae (eg: pea flower) belonging to family Fabaceae.