Movement across cell - class-X

Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentration, causing water to move into the cell (osmosis). Hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentration, causing water to move out of the cell. Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration, resulting in no net water movement. Option A correctly matches these definitions.

In the sea water , the surrounding water is salty and hence hypertonic to the body cells, Thus, water will move from its higher concentration to ts lower concentration leading to exosmosis. Therefore, many fresh-water animals cannot live for long in sea water and vice versa. 

If a plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution, water comes out from the cell sap due to exosmosis. Water loss from the cell sap results in contraction of protoplast, which is referred to as plasmolysis. The cell is surrounded by the hypertonic solution, and the cell wall allows entry of most of the solutions. The hypertonic solution enters the cell wall freely but is not allowed to cross the cell membrane. 

If the osmotic pressure outside the cytoplasm is the same as inside then it is known as an isotonic solution.

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it will lose water by exosmosis. This process is called plasmolysis. The protoplasm will shrink and will move inwards and away from the cell wall. As a result, the hypertonic solution will occupy the space between the plasma membrane and the cell wall.

An isotonic solution is a solution, which contains the same concentration of solute as in a cell. If animal and plant cells are kept in isotonic solution then cells will not swell or shrink. Hence, there will not be any change in cells. 

The cell swells up when endosmosis occurs. Endosmosis is a process in which the water molecules move from outside to the inside of the cell through the cell membrane. This occurs when the solution is hypotonic, i.e., the cell has a lower solute concentration than the surrounding medium.

Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent molecules from a region of their higher concentration (more dilute solution) to a region of their lower concentration (more concentrated solution), through a semipermeable membrane. Hence, the water molecules move into a cell when a cell is placed in a hypotonic medium (resulting in an increase in cell volume) and water moves out of the cell when a cell is placed in a hypertonic medium (resulting in a decrease in cell volume). Thus, the correct answer is option A.

If a cell swells after been placed in a solution, it means water from solution has entered the cell. As water flows from a region of its own higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, we conclude that water is present in higher concentration in the solution as compared to the cell sap. Thus, the solution is hypotonic as compared to cell sap. The process in which water enters the cell is called as endosmosis.

When plant cells are kept in a hypertonic solution (i.e., a solution more concentrated than the plant cell sap) they lose water due to the process of exosmosis. This causes plasmolysis, a process in which protoplasm leaves cell wall and lies shrunk inside the cell. When the cell is kept in hypotonic solution (i.e., a solution far less concentrated than the plant cell sap), it gains water due to the process of endosmosis. The cell now swells and is called as deplasmolyzed cell. If plant cells are kept in isotonic solution, no changes take place. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Water flows along its own concentration gradient. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic medium it swells due to absorption of water by the process of endosmosis. The endosmotic gain of water makes a cell turgid. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic medium, it loses water due to the process of exosmosis. Exosmotic loss of water results in plasmolysis. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Hypotonic solution is a solution, which contains lesser solute concentration. In such case, the water molecules move from outside to inside of the cell through cell membrane (semi-permeable membrane). This process is called as endosmosis by which cell gain water. 

Hypotonic solution is a solution, which contains lesser solute concentration. In such a case, the water molecules move from outside to the inside of the cell through the cell membrane. This process is called as endosmosis by which cell gains water and swells up.

In the hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is more and the concentration of solvent (water) is less as compared to the cytoplasm of a specific cell. If a cell is placed in such solution plasmolysis will occur due to the movement water from cell to the outer environment.

In the hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is less and concentration of solvent (water) is more as compared to the specific cell. If a cell is placed in such solution water will move towards the cell and thus, the cell swells and burst. 

Hypotonic solution is a solution, which contains lesser solute concentration. An isotonic solution is a solution, which contains the same concentration of solute as in cell. A Hypertonic solution is a solution, which contains higher solute concentration and thus causes plasmolysis when a cell is placed in such solution.

Diffusion occurs in both liquids and gases and can take place over long distances diffusion in gases are much faster than in liquids the diffusion rate of oxygen in the air is 1,00,0001,00,000 times more than diffusion rate of oxygen in the water. Diffusion may be defined as the process of movement of gases. Liquids or solutes from the region of higher concentration to the regions of lower concentration till the molecules are uniformly distributed throughout the available space. Many substances like gases. liquids or solutes can diffuse simultaneously in different directions and at different rates in the same place without interfering with each other.

Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. A gradient is a change in the value of a quantity (e.g., concentration, pressure, temperature) with the change in another variable (e.g., distance). The uniformly sweet taste of coffee or tea is also an example of diffusion. Here, when added tea or coffee powder to milk/water, movement of substance takes place from high concentration to lower concentration. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

A hypertonic solution is a solution which contains more amount for dissolved salts i.e., the concentration of solute is more.

When a cell is placed in hypertonic solution since the solvent concentration is less, the solvent is exerted from the cell and the cell undergoes cytolysis.

The pressure inside the cell is high and the cell may undergo osmolysis.

Cytoplasm will not shrink but cell solvent will come out it is not plasmolysis because the only periphery of the cell is not affected. So it cannot undergo plasmolysis. 

So the correct answer is 'Cytoplasm shrinks from the cell wall and undergoes plasmolysis'.

When cells are in isotonic solution, movement of water out of the cell is exactly balanced by movement of water into the cell. 

When cells are in isotonic solution, movement of water out of the cell is exactly balanced by movement of water into the cell. 

When cells are in isotonic solution, movement of water out of the cell is exactly balanced by movement of water into the cell. 

Water is absorbed from outside solution only if the external medium is hypotonic because a hypotonic solution has more concentration of solvent molecules than the fluid inside the cell. So, solvent molecules move inside the cell from the region of higher concentration to the lower concentration by the process of endosmosis. The cell swells and increases in size.

While preparing coffee or tea we pour coffee or tea powder at one point but it is uniformly sweet. It is due to diffusion of the solvent from the high concentration to lower concentration and it becomes uniformly sweet taste.

The movement of solutes from lower to higher concentration is called as osmosis. Isotonic solutions are those in which concentration of solute and solvent are same in the outside as well as inside of cells. When cells are placed in the isotonic solution they will remain unaffected as water movement in and out of the cells will be the same . while in hypotonic solution cells will absorb more water and thus become swollen and will burst eventually.

Hypotonic solution is a solution having lower osmotic pressure i.e; having less solute and more water than other solutions. When a cell is placed in hypotonic solution water enters towards the higher concentration i.e., from cell to surrounding as the cell is hypertonic.

Plant cells are surrounded by a dead cellulosic cell wall. The plant cell wall is fully permeable and cannot regulate the entry or exit of solutes or solvent. When a plant cell is present in a hypertonic solution plant cell will lose water through exosmosis. As the plant cell keeps on losing water, the protoplasm shrinks and moves away from the cell wall, the hypertonic solution moves inside the space between cell protoplasm and cell wall. 

If the solute concentration is higher in the external solution than the cell kept in it, then the solution is called as hypertonic. When a cell is kept in hypertonic solution then the cell shrinks, as water comes out of the cell.

Cells are plasmolysed (plasmolysis has occurred) when the cell contents shrink and come out from the cell wall. 

If there is a higher concentration of dissolved salt outside of the cell (a hypertonic environment), then H$ _2$O will diffuse "out" from the cell and the cell will shrink and cellular metabolism will cease. This phenomenon is called as plasmolysis and it is the reason why foods can be preserved with high concentrations of salt and sugar.

Soap contains large amount of solutes. Soap is a hypertonic solution with high amounts of salts. Hence, when washing clothes solute concentration is more in soap water than in cells of hand. Due to this, exosmosis occurs in which the water molecules present in cells of hand move out in soap solution. This is an osmotic process in which the water molecules move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration, i.e., from dilute solutions to concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane. 

In the isotonic solution, the concentration of solvent and solutes of the solution is same as in the cytoplasm of the specific cell. This state allows the free movement of molecules across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

A Hypertonic solution is a solution with a higher concentration of solutes greater on outside the cell than inside. Since the concentration of water is higher within the cell, there is a net movement of water from inside to outside of the cell (water leaves the cell by osmosis). This causes the cell to shrink as its internal pressure decreases. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

There are three types of solutions that can occur in your body based on solute concentration: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. 

• Soap contains a lot of solutes. Hence, when washing clothes, solute concentration is more in soap water than in cells of hand. Due to this, the water molecules present in cells of hand move out in soap solution. 
• This is an osmotic process in which the water molecules move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration, i.e., from dilute solutions to concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane. Soap is a hypertonic solution with high amounts of salts. 

A hypertonic solution is a solution which has higher osmotic pressure i.e; having more solute concentration outside the cell than inside. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water moves to the surrounding from inside the cell as it moves from higher water concentration to lower water concentration.

If Amoeba is kept in a hypertonic solution, then exosmosis occurs in which, the water molecules move from inside of the cell to outside of the cell through the cell membrane and thus, Amoeba will shrink because water moves from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration region.