The industrial revolution - class-VIII

Following statements are true regarding the various phases of industrialization in Britain:-

• Before industrialization there was no large scale industrial production in England.
• The British industry was transformed by two crucial changes: the mechanization of work and the application of the vapor of the new machine
• In British, usage of handmade products was a symbol of aristocracy.

Following statements regarding steam engine are true:-

• Before James Watt, Newcomen invented the primitive form of steam engine which were pumping water from mines all over the country.
• James Watt's discovery of steam engine got patent in 1764.
• The new steam engine enhanced the industrial productivity manifold.

The country where the process of industrial revolution started first of all in Europe was England. The industrial revolution was a period when new sources of energy, such as coal and steam, were used to power new machines designed to reduce human labor and increase production.

The water frame is the name given to a water-powered spinning frame which was an easy way to create cotton thread. The first time the machine was used in 1768. It was able to spin 128 threads at a time, which was an easier and faster method than ever before. It was developed by Richard Arkwright, who patented the technology in 1767.

"The
mode of production of material life conditions:, the social, political,
and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness
of men that determines their being, but on the contrary, their social
being that determines their consciousness." The above quote promotes was instigated most strongly by Industrial Revolution.

By 1900, Russia, Germany, Japan, and the United States had all undergone significant industrialization, whereas Austria-Hungary remained largely agrarian compared to the others.

This is a duplicate of the previous question; Austria-Hungary is the correct answer as it was less industrialized than the other listed nations.

Life expectancy in early industrial cities was notoriously low due to poor sanitation, overcrowding, and disease. Rural life, while difficult, generally offered better health outcomes than the squalor of early industrial urban centers.

The Industrial Revolution is defined by the shift from manual, agrarian production to mechanized factory-based manufacturing. This transition fundamentally altered economic and social structures.

 Over the nineteenth century, ideas changed. By the 1830s, women in England began agitating for democratic rights. They started a suffrage movement. Suffrage movement was a movement wherein women demanded the right to vote.

There was no change in the condition of the Indian women at the time of Industrial Revolution. India came under the East India Company at the time of the start of the Industrial Revolution. There was some technological progress such as the introduction of railway, canals, modern banks and postal system.

• Liberals were the people who opposed uncontrollable power of dynastic rulers. However, they were not democrats. They felt men of property mainly should have the right to vote.
  
• Radicals were the people who wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population.
  
• Conservative people believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.
  
• Socialists believed that property should be controlled by society as a whole.
  

England was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and aggressively sought to exploit global markets, including India, to supply raw materials and purchase finished goods.

An
economic system which is based on private ownership of the means of production
and their operation for profit is known as capitalism. The maximization of
profit is the main motive of the producer. Profit guides the production in this
type of economy. There is no interference of government in the economic
activities of the economy. This means producers and consumers are free to take
decisions. 

Haves meant the rich people, those who had land, labour and capital. It comprised of the industrialists, capitalists, big landholders, etc. 

Cottage industries could not compete with the factories and they met their natural death in the course of time. The establishment of factories saw the rise of many new industrial towns like Manchester, Lancashire, Birmingham and Sheffield. 

The industrial revolution changed the economic face of England. England became the most advanced country in the world. It developed its trade relations and this increased the national income. The establishment of factories saw the rise of many new industrial towns like Manchester, Lancashire, Birmingham and Sheffield. 

Capitalism involves mass production of goods. Capitalism is an economic system in which capital goods are owned by
private individuals or businesses. Capitalism was born out of the mass production of goods which led the owners of the big industries to amass wealth. 

The overcrowded towns lacked sanitary amenities. Air, water and noise pollution affected the health of the people. People's respiratory system was affected because of air pollution. Due to the outcome of poisonous gases from some of the factories, many people died. Unhygienic and dirty water from industries polluted water and people suffered from diarrhoea, gastro and jaundice. City vehicles and sound of machinery caused sound pollution and men became deaf permanently. 

The spread of the industrial revolution is first recorded from Britain. Series of socio-economic changes began in Britain in the eighteen century and then spread to other parts of the world. The term was earlier used by French writers and popularized by the English Arnold Toynbee to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. It spread to France and Germany around the same period after Britain.