Innate and learned behaviour - class-XI

• People use drugs for many reasons: they want to feel good, stop feeling bad by masking the emotions, or perform better in school or at work, or forget about problems for a time being, or they are curious because others are doing it and they want to fit in. The last reason is very common among teens. 
• Hence, People take drugs to Mask the emotions and Forget about the problems for a time being.
•  So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

• Drug abuse is the non-permissive consumption of certain substances or medicinal products that may lead to physical and psychological dependence.
• Commonly abused drugs include marijuana, cocaine, heroin, alcohol, prescription drugs, etc.
• The commonly used illegal drug is Marijuana.
• Signs of drug abuse are bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual, change is sleep patterns, unusual smells on breath, impaired coordination, etc.
• Hence The illegal use of the medicinal product is called Drug abuse.
• So, the correct answer is 'Drug abuse'.

• A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a physiological change in the body. 
• In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient of an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect like Impair physical and mental health and Causes family disputes
• Hence, drugs are the substance which impairs physical and mental health and causes family disputes. 
• So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

• Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) is caused by a retrovirus called human immunodeficiency viruses(HIV).
• People transmit HIV in bodily fluids, including, blood, semen, vaginal secretions. anal fluids, breast milk.
  
• When an injectable used for AIDS patient is used for the normal individual the HIV virus gets transmitted through blood. Hence The disease caused by the injectable drug is AIDS.
• So, the correct answer is 'AIDS'.

Synthetic drugs are those which are not natural and are created by processing chemical ingredients. Amphetamines is one such drug. Amphetamines affect the activity of the nervous system. They speed up the messages between the body and the brain.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Cirrhosis of liver is characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis (scar tissue) and regenerative nodules (or lumps that occur due to attempted repair of the damaged tissue). Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholism, hepatitis-B, hepatitis-C and fatty liver disease. 

Amphetamines are stimulants that increase the activity of the central nervous system. These are basically a kind of drugs that increase the activity of chemicals in the brain. So they are used to have fun, forget problems, celebrate, relieve boredom and to stay alert.

Cirrhosis is an abnormal liver condition in which there is irreversible scarring of the liver. The main causes are sustained excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease, however, there are many possible causes. People with cirrhosis may develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin, eyes and tongue), itching and extreme tiredness. So, the correct answer is option B.

Korsakoff's syndrome is caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$), which affects the brain and nervous system. People who drink excessive amounts of alcohol are often thiamine deficient. This is because many heavy drinkers have poor eating habits and their diet does not contain essential vitamins and alcohol can interfere with the conversion of thiamine into the active form of the vitamin (thiamine pyrophosphate). Alcohol can inflame the stomach lining, cause frequent vomiting and make it difficult for the body to absorb the key vitamins it receives. Alcohol also makes it harder for the liver to store vitamins. Although Korsakoff's syndrome is not strictly speaking a dementia, people with this condition can experience loss of short-term memory. 

Gastritis occurs when there is an imbalance between the acid, and the mucous produced, and the acid manages to erode and damage the stomach lining. Aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase, is rapidly deacetylated to salicylate. Salicylate is toxic to cells and affects mucosal barrier function, reduces cytosolic adenosine triphosphate, stimulates sodium transport, and increases proton dissipation from surface epithelial cells. 

Chronic alcohol consumption is known to have detrimental effects on the reproductive system and sexual function. It can lead to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances.

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant made from leaves of coca plant native to south america. Once it enters the body  people feel energetic and it also boosts mental alertness

• It affects cerebellum in brain which results in loss of muscle coordination. Due to this coordination of body parts is lost like speech becomes coherent and the person can't even walk properly.
• Alcohol increases reaction time. It is the time taken by body to respond to a stimulus. As a result of alcohol consumption, body takes more time to respond to a stimulus.
• Alcohol effects the power of accommodation of eye which is the ability of eye to focus on objects at different distances for clear visibility. For this reason, alcoholic persons are advised not to drive because their eyes can't focus on objects and this increases the chances of accident. 

The main methylxanthine (Stimulant alkaloid)  in tea is caffeine. Other methylxanthines are two theobromine and theophylline, which are similar compounds.

• The drug is a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. 
• After prolonged preadaptation or after stimulation with I.P. amphetamine the several measures of locomotor activity in rats was seen which includes the distance covered, movement time, speed of progression, and sinuosity showed significant changes in extreme situations. 
• Hence, the drug affects Locomotory system.
• So, the correct answer is 'Locomotory system'.

• Drugs are chemicals that affect the body and brain. Different drugs can have different effects. 
• Misuse of drugs may affect the brain. They cause the release of large amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate our emotions, motivation and feelings of pleasure, to flood the brain eventually leading to intense cravings and compulsive drug use. 
• Side effects of drug addiction may include: A weakened immune system, increasing the risk of illness and infection, Heart conditions ranging from abnormal heart rates to heart attacks and collapsed veins and blood vessel infections from injected drugs, cancer, Increased strain on the liver, which puts the person at risk of significant liver damage or liver failure, Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage, AIDS, lung disease.
•  Hence, the consumption of drugs may cause cancer and AIDS.
•  So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'.

• Cocaine is also known as coke. It is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
•  It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into a vein. 
• Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. 
• Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature.
•  Its usage increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, lung problems in those who smoke it, blood infections, cancer and sudden cardiac death. 
• Hence, Cocaine can cause cancer.
•  So, the correct answer is 'Cocaine'.

• Hallucination is a perception of having seen, heard, touched, tasted or smelled something that wasn't actually there. 
• Cocaine is also known as coke. It is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into a vein. 
• Common signs of cocaine use include Dilated pupils, Long periods of wakefulness, hallucinations, loss of appetite, Overconfidence, Over-excitement etc. 
• Hence, Hallucination is caused by the consumption of Cocaine. 
• So, the correct answer is 'Cocaine'.

Cocaine and baking soda are combined the mixture is boiled and a solid forms. Once it is cooled and broken down into smaller pieces it is sold as crack.

Collagen is a classic example of a fibrous protein, which provides structural support to tissues. Albumin and globulin are globular proteins, while prolamine is a storage protein.

• Amphetamine is a powerful stimulator of the central nervous system. It is used to treat some medical conditions, but it is also highly addictive, with a history of abuse.
  
• Stimulants such as amphetamine (Adderall) and methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Used under prescription, stimulants can be safe and effective.
  
• Amphetamine sulphate, or speed, is also used for recreational and non-medical purposes. It can lead to euphoria, and it suppresses the appetite, which can lead to weight loss. Used outside the medical context, stimulants can have severe adverse effects.
  

Addition to alcohol drinking leads to twelve kinds of diseases. Renal, heart, liver is also one of them. Because alcohol intoxication in our bloodstream and as a result the concentration of alcohol is higher in blood and intoxication 

Human derives countless direct economic benefits from nature that come under narrow utilitarian category.  These benefits include food, fibre construction material etc.

Hasish is commonly called as Charas is an hallucinogen that can affect a persons thought , perception and feelings and causes after thought perception.