India and the united nations - class-IX

India was a founding member of United Nation in October 1945.

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is headquartered at New York and currently made up of 193 Member States. The membership is open to all peace-loving countries.

UN employs Peacekeeping Forces to establish peace in an armed conflict-affected area. These forces can only be used when both the parties involved in conflict agree to their role and presence.

UN carries out humanitarian interventions through its Peacekeeping Forces. It follows three principles for humanitarian intervention: use of military force, interference in the state's internal affairs, and response to crises threatening the state's interests. The Security Council authorizes the use of military force.

The General Assembly is the principal deliberative, policymaking and representative UN body. Here decisions on important matters are taken by the two-thirds majority and on other matters by a simple majority.

• Known collectively as the Bretton Woods Institutions after the remote village in New Hampshire, U.S.A., where they were founded by the delegates of 44 nations in July 1944. The Bank and the IMF are twin intergovernmental pillars supporting the structure of the world's economic and financial order.

The Bretton Woods Conference, officially known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference was a gathering of delegates from 44 nations that met from July 1 to 22 , 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to agree upon a series of new rule for the post-World War II international monetary system. It was associated with Establishment of World Bank and Establishment of IMF.

Currently there are 193 member nations of the UN. The latest addition was done in July 2011 when South Sudan became the 193rd nation to join the UN. In addition to the 193 members, there are two observers which are Holy See and the Palestine Liberation Organization. 

NIEO :- New International Economic Order is a economic system introduced to replace Bretton Wood System in 1970s by some developing countries through United Nations Conference on trade and development to promote their interests by improving their terms of trade.

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were established on 27 December 1945 in United States. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are
institutions in the United Nations system. They share the same goal of
raising living standards in their member countries. Their approaches to
this goal are complementary, with the IMF focusing on macroeconomic
issues and the World Bank concentrating on long-term economic
development and poverty reduction.

The United Nations Security Council consists of a total of fifteen member states. This includes five permanent members and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General serves as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. After World War II, Trygve Lie served as Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations in August 1945.

The UN World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance was held in Durban, South Africa, in 2001. Dalit groups participated to highlight the issue of caste-based discrimination.

The UN World Conference against Racism in Durban took place in 2001. This is a duplicate of question 528586.

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the primary organ of the UN tasked with maintaining international peace and security.

Traditionally, the World Bank Group President has always been an American citizen nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the World Bank Group. The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Executive Directors, to serve for a five-year, renewable term. Hence, Option A is correct.

The UN Security Council consists of 15 members, 5 of which are permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, and USA) and 10 are non-permanent.

China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States are the five permanent members having veto powers with them. The veto means the power to stop any decision; which means they can take any international decision or can stop any decision.

The United Nations Security Council power of veto refers to the veto power wielded solely by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council enabling them to prevent the adoption of any substantive resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. 

The UN officially came into existence 24 October 1945, upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council which were France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the UK and the US and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.

The League of nation and the United Nations Organisation was established to promote peace and co-operation among the nations of the world.

• The League of Nation- It was an international
  organization created after the
  First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
• The United nations Organisation- It is an intergovernmental organisation established on 24 October 1945 to promote international cooperation. It was founded to replace the League of Nations  following World War II and to prevent another conflict.

Under the function and power of Security Council, sometimes United Nations force is sent by the Security Council which takes the action against aggressive country. Security Council is rresponsible to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations.

The International Court of Justice  is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Its seat is at the Hague, Netherlands. The court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.

International Year of Older Persons. In its Proclamation on Aging, the United Nations General Assembly decided to declare 1999 as the International Year of Older Persons. The proclamation was launched on 1 October 1998, the International Day of Older Persons, by United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan.

The United Nations has six principal organs: 

1. The General Assembly
2. The Security Council
3. The Economic and Social Council
4. The Trusteeship Council
5. The International Court of Justice
6. The Secretariat.
   

Ban Ki-moon is a South Korean diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016. Before becoming Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations.

The Economic and Social Council is the central body for coordinating the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations. It has 54 member nations elected from all regions. As much as 70 per cent of the work of the UN system is devoted to promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development. The Council recommends and directs activities aimed at promoting economic growth of developing countries, supporting human rights and fostering world cooperation to fight poverty and under-development.

The General Assembly meets every year in regular session commencing on the Tuesday of the third week in September, counting from the first week that contains at least one working day.

The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.

The General Assembly meets under its president or Secretary-General in regular yearly sessions; the main part of which lasts from September to December and resumed part from January until all issues are addressed which often is just before the next session's start.

According to the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly may:

1. It can discuss any matter affecting international peace and security.
2. It passes the budget of the UN.
3. It elects the 10 non-permanent members of the Security Council. 
4. It elects the members of the ECOSOC and judges for the international court of justice at Hague and some members of the Trusteeship Council. 
5. It participates in the election of the Secretary-General of the UN. 
6. It admits new members in the UN on the recommendation of the Security Council. 
7. It receives and supervises reports of the Security Council and other organs of the UN. 

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council include the following five governments: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

India has been seeking a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council as a member of the G4, an organisation composed of Brazil, Germany, Japan, and India, all who are currently seeking permanent representation. The United Kingdom and France support India.

The Security Council has primary responsibility under the Charter for maintaining peace and security. It can be convened at any time, whenever peace is threatened. The Council has 15 members, including five permanent members: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly on the basis of geographical representation for two-year terms. Decisions require nine votes except on procedural questions, a decision cannot be taken if there is a negative vote by a permanent member and this is known as the Veto.

The permanent member of the Security Council  are :

1. China 
2. France 
3. Russian Federation 
4. The United Kingdom 
5. The United States
   

The United Nations has six principal organs. These are:

By 2011, The General Assembly admitted the Republic of South Sudan as the 193rd member of the United Nations, welcoming the newly independent country to the community of nations.

The Secretariat is the principal administrative department of UN. It is headed by the Secretary-General. It carries out the day-to-day work of the UN. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN: administering peacekeeping operations, surveying economic and social trends, preparing studies on human rights, among others.

The UN emblem has a WORLD map with OLIVE branches around it denoting PEACE.

Only the five permanent members of the UN Security Council possess the power to veto any substantive resolution.

The United Nations Organization was formed in $1945$ after the end of the second world war. The First world war ended in $1919$ which led to the formation of League of Nations. 

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 and 1981 for its work in assisting refugees worldwide.

The World Bank was set up to provide financial assistance for countries during the reconstruction post World War I phase. the World Bank directly asks the concerned government to show all its accounts and directs it to make changes in its economic policy.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes international economic cooperation, focusing in particular on policies that have an impact on the exchange rate and the balance of payments.The organization’s stated objectives are to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment, and exchange rate stability, including by making resources available to member countries to meet balance of payments needs.

193

The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization, ahead of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. UN welcomed South Sudan as 193rd Member State on 14 July 2011.

The United Nations is an international organization aiming to maintain the peaceful equilibrium of the world by preventing wars between countries and aid in the development of living standards in the world. It has 193 sovereign countries as its members at present.

Each member of the Security Council has one vote. Decisions on procedural matters are made by an affirmative vote of nine members, including the concurring votes of all five permanent members. The negative vote of a permanent member is called a veto. The Council is powerless to act if any of the five permanent members use the veto power. 

The Council is composed of 15 Members: five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly.

The United Nations Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 by a General Assembly resolution. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, persons with disabilities, minorities and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discrimination that had long been common in many societies.

US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill drafted the "Declaration of United Nations" at the White House in 1941. They also incorporated suggestions of the Soviet Union in the draft. So, the US, the UK, and the Soviet Union were the nations who conceived and formed the United Nations and its functions.

The General Assembly functions as the main organ of the UN and ensures the proper functioning of its other organs. All the organs of the UN send their reports to the General Assembly for analysis, review, discussion and, if required, recommendation. All the members hold equal representation in the General Assembly and it is lead by the Secretary-General.

The General Assembly functions as the main organ of the UN and ensures the proper functioning of its other organs.  All the members hold equal representation in the General Assembly and choose its Secretary-General to lead its sessions.

Representatives of 50 countries attended an important conference in San Francisco in 1945 with the aim of discussing and finalizing the United Nations Charter. These countries then signed the UN Charter on 26 June 1945, and laid the foundation of the United Nations.

The Atlantic Charter was jointly released by the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in August 1941. It stated their vision and policies for a world after World War II.

At the point when a grievance concerning risk to harmony is brought before United Nation, the Security Council's first activity is, as a rule, to prescribe to the gatherings to endeavour to achieve assertion by peaceful methods. Now and again, the Council itself attempts examination and intervention. On numerous events, the Council has issued cease-fire orders which have been instrumental in counteracting more extensive threats. It additionally sends United Nations peacekeeping activities to help decrease pressures in disturbed regions, continue contradicting powers separated and make conditions for maintainable harmony after settlements have been come to. The Council may settle on requirement measures, financial approvals, (for example, exchange embargoes) or aggregate military activity.

The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), an office of the United Nations, arranges the association's ecological exercises and helps to create nations in executing earth sound strategies and practices. It was established by Maurice Strong, its first chief, because of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) in June 1972 and has generally obligation regarding ecological issues among United Nations offices. Several International Conventions relating to the protection and conservation environment have been held and commitments were made by the member states actively.

Taiwan is not a member of General Assembly of the U.N.O.

The position of the United Nations is that the People's Republic of China is representing the whole of China as the sole and legitimate representative Government of China. The decision until now about the wish of the people in Taiwan to join the United Nations has been decided on that basis.

The President of World Bank has always been a US citizen and nominated by the United States only. The United States has largest shareholder in the Bank. The current president of World Bank is Jim Yong Kim.