Wind and coast - class-VII

• Water and wind are the main agents of erosion and transportation which erode and carry the loosened material from one place to another
• Eg water - through streams and rivers
• Eg Wind - through dust storms.

The decade between 1930 and 1940, saw long periods of severe droughts accompanied by extreme dust storms in North America 

Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials and are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation.

The Narmada river flows through a rift valley and enters the Arabian Sea, forming an estuary rather than a delta. Rivers like the Mahanadi, Krishna, and Godavari flow into the Bay of Bengal and typically form deltas.

• Deposition of materials in lowlands which causes the filling up of the land and its upliftment is called Aggradation. Hence option A is correct.
• Degradation is the lowering of the land.
• Wethering is the breakdown and wearing away of rocks.
• Gradation is the levelling of the land.

Kovalam beach is located in Kerala, a state known for its beautiful coastal areas. The other options are incorrect: Goa has its own famous beaches like Baga, Tamil Nadu has Marina Beach, and Andhra Pradesh has other coastal areas but not Kovalam.

Sand dunes are landforms created by the accumulation of sand. In arid regions like western Rajasthan, wind acts as the primary agent, transporting and depositing sand to form dunes.

Barchans are crescent-shaped sand dunes that typically form in areas with limited sand supply and a constant wind direction, which is characteristic of hot desert environments.

Loess is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Winds transport fine particles over long distances and deposit them to form extensive loess plains.

Denudation is the process of lowering and leveling of the earth surface by gradual breaking and wearing away of such earth’s features. The agents which promote these breaking and lowering of the earth’s surface are called the agents of denudation.  Examples of agents of denudation are wind, running water, ice and waves.

Runoff, streams, and rivers carry sediment to the oceans. The sediment in ocean water acts like sandpaper. Over time, they erode the shore. The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry the more erosion they cause and form from wave erosion.

Ox bow lake are formed by the erosional work of river.

Like weathering and mass movements, erosion is also an external process. Erosion occurs through various agents. Wind, running water, glaciers, sea water and groundwater.

Sea caves are coastal landforms created by the erosional power of waves striking against cliffs. The hydraulic action and abrasion of waves carve out cavities in the rock face.

The factors that determine the deposition of sediments are the length of the rivers, volume of water, amount of sediments, and the slope of the river and the earth's surface.

Sea cliffs are usually formed by the process of weathering and erosion. In coastal areas the sea waves erode away the base of the headland. The part of rock that remains form a sea cliff.

A headland is an area of land that extends into a large body of water. It is often a cliff or other elevated landform overlooking a sea or ocean. It is formed when a softer rock in pushed or eroded inwards, the hard rocks sticks out in the sea. 

Landforms like flood levees, flood plains and deltas are formed because of the depositional works of the river.

Marina Beach in Chennai is the longest natural urban beach in India. It stretches along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal.

Sea forms create erosional and depositional landforms. Steep rocky coast rising almost vertically above sea water is called sea cliff which is very precipitous with overhanging crest. Sea canes are formed by the mechanical erosion of rocks by the action of sea. A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs. They form in areas with small tidal range.

Lagoons are shallow bodies of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs. In coastal geography, the water trapped between the coast and sand bars is referred to as a lagoon.

Extensive loess deposits are found in northern China, the Great Plains of North America, central Europe, and parts of Russia and Kazakhstan. The thickest loess deposits are near the Missouri River in the U.S. state of Iowa and along the Yellow River in China.