Agricultural Development in India: Green Revolution and Agricultural Policies

A subsidy is a benefit given by the government to groups or individuals, usually in the form of a cash payment or a tax reduction. The subsidy  is typically given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the public.

Organic farming is an agricultural system that avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, promoting environmental sustainability and stability.

Green Revolution referred to the increase in the production of food grains as a result of using HYV (high yielding variety of seeds). Green Revolution used fertilisers and pesticides to increase productivity. 

The first phase of the green revolution was from the mid 1960s up to the mid-1970s. It took place to combat the low productivity from agriculture.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

During the third Five Years Plan (1961-66), the priorities were on self-sufficiency in food grains, meeting the raw material needs of industries and increase in exports. During this period, Green Revolution programme was started on a small scale. During the fourth five year plan,  High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, fertilizer use, new agriculture techniques and irrigation facilities provided to expand area of Green Revolution

First Green Revolution started in India - 1967-1968. The Green Revolution refers to a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production world wide.

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of a high yield variety of seeds, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques. The green revolution did not succeed in all the states. Only a few states like Punjab, Haryana, and crops like rice were major beneficiaries. There wasn't an increased production of all food grains and crops. It focused mainly on wheat and rice.

Mining is not the component of green revolution. 
Components of Green Revolution are as follows:
a) HYV Seeds
b) Pesticides
c) Fertilizers
d) Irrigation.

Green Revolution had both positive and negative effect on the economy such as:
a) Laborers are exploited.
b) Opportunities for employment increased in the village.
c) It was hardly beneficial to small farmers.
d) Big farmers benefitted and became richer.
e) Per capita income increased and national income also increased.
f) Inter-regional and intraregional disparities increased.
g) Unexpected increases were recorded in the production and productivity of crops.etc.

Merits of HYV seeds are as follows:-
a) have shorter life cycle thereby enabling farmers to go for multiple cropping.
b) do not require any special skill for adoption
c) all categories of farmers can use it and it benefits all categories of farmers in the same proportion.
d) needs a lot of water for better returns. 

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops . A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of high yield variety of seeds , the use of pesticides and improved management techniques . Wheat and Rice were the two most successful crops of the Green Revolution.

Norman Borlaug is known as the father of green revolution in the world but in India Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of green revolution. Green revolution that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960. The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies.

Objectives of the Green revolution were are:-
a) Self reliance in food production.
b) Self reliance in food security.
c) Increasing income and employment and supporting rural development.
d) Modernization of agriculture.
e) Support modernization of rural infrastructure .etc.

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of a high yield variety of seeds, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques.

Green revolution has negative as well as positive effects. Some of the negative effects can be stated as follows - 
a) increase in irrigation created need for more dams to harness water
b) more chemical fertilizers made the soil barren and poisonous
c) many traditional variety of crops which are environment friendly and had disease resistance capacity became extinct
d) more irrigation increased the alkalinity and salinity of the soil and also it depletes the underground water level. 

Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was the Diwan of Mysore for the period 1912-1918. He was a notable Indian engineer, scholar and also statesman. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955. Moreover, he wrote the book titled “ Planning Economy for India” in 1934. The book emphasised on the economic planning of the country.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Cropping pattern refers to proportion of area under different crops at different points of time. It also indicates the time and spatial arrangement or sequence of crops and or fallow in a particular land area.

CACP is an acronym for Commission for Agriculture Cost and Prices. It is a decentralised agency of the Government of India. Earlier it was established as the Agricultural Price Commission. However, it was given its present name in the year 1985. It has its headquarters in New Delhi.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

National Food Security Management Scheme was a scheme which was launched by the Government of India. The aim of the scheme was to achieve an improvement in the production of wheat, rice and pulses in a sustainable way. Moreover, it aimed to raise the income of farmers through improved technologies and farm management practices. Also, it aimed to ensure food security. 

Thus, the correct answer is D.

The new National Agricultural Policy 2000, has been described as 'rainbow Revolution' which includes various revolutions.
Green Revolution - Foodgrains
White Revolution - Milk
Yellow Revolution - Oilseeds
Blue Revolution - Fisheries
Red Revolution - Meat and Tomato 
Golden Revolution - Fruits
Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
Black / Brown Revolution - Non- conventional Energy sources
Silver Revolution - Egg
Round Revolution - Potato

Economic survey is presented on 27th February. Economic survey is presented in the Parliament, by the Finance Minister, before the presentation of the Union Budget. Economic survey helps to forecast future events.

High Yield variety (HIY) seeds are the seeds of supreme quality which yields a high surplus and volume crop as compared to the normal ones. These seeds were used as strategic plan in green revolution to promote the better quality of crops at a reasonable rate. 

Green Revolution was a period of using modern methods or technology to increase productivity. It included the use of HYV seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system. It had both positive and negative impacts. The second Green Revolution is being planned to improve the production of agro-commodities, especially in North-Eastern states.

Thus, the correct answer is B.