Africa - the central continent - class-VIII

b'Bolivia is not a part of African countries. '

Kimberley is a prospecting city famous for its quality diamonds, the largest man-made excavation in the world and impressive variety of tourists attractions. It is the capital city of the Northern Cape and surrounded by five of South Africa's big rivers, two of them being the Orange and Vaal Rivers"

The Boers are a group of people of Dutch descent who settled in Southern Africa, particularly in what is now South Africa.

22 countries are Arab countries with people who are considered Arabs by Arabs. Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen are the only Arab countries.

Pretoria is the administrative capital of South Africa. Cape Town is the legislative capital. And Bloemfontein is the judicial capital.

The Sahara is a hyper-arid desert where annual rainfall is typically well below 5 inches, not exceeding 23 inches. The other options correctly describe its historical climate, agricultural practices, and extreme diurnal temperature variations.

Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda. Dar-es-salam is in Tanzania, Helsinki is in Finland, and Jamaica is a country.

Africa mainly lies within the intertropical zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Only the northernmost and the southernmost fringes of the continent have a Mediterranean climate because they aren't located under the tropics. Because of this geographical situation, Africa is a hot continent as the solar radiation intensity is always high. Thus, warm and hot climates prevails all over Africa but the northern part is the most marked part by aridity and high temperatures."

The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. 

Zanzibar is the country which is known as the Island of Cloves. It is situated in East Africa. As the island produces cloves it's known as Island of cloves.

Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.

Deserts in the 20-30 degree latitude range on the western sides of continents are primarily caused by persistent high-pressure systems and off-shore trade winds, which prevent moisture from reaching these areas.

In the Malagasy language, the island of Madagascar is called Madagasikara and its people are referred to as Malagasy. The island's appellation "Madagascar" is not of local origin but rather was popularized in the Middle Ages by Europeans.

Africa,

Islands are not in good number at the sea coast of Africa.

'Egyptian cotton, clover, berseem, is the major winter forage crop cultivated in the Nile Valley and Delta. Various fiber crops, cereals, sugar, legumes, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Egypt. The agricultural area of Egypt is contained in regions near the Nile and its delta.'

Drakensberg Mountains bound the Velds.

'Lagos City in Lagos State is Nigeria’s of Africa is largest city and its economic capital, located along the Atlantic Ocean. According to Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung (HBS) Foundation research, it’s the 7th fastest growing city in the world, with a population of 21 million, according to a 2014 report by the National Population Commission of Nigeria.'

In the Malagasy language, the island of Madagascar is called Madagascar  and its people are referred to as Malagasy.'

The depletion of forest resources is strongly linked to desertification, as the loss of tree cover leads to soil erosion and the expansion of arid lands. While forest fires are a problem, the broader environmental crisis is the increasing desert area.

Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa. It is located in Tanzania. Its height is 5895 meter from mean sea level.

Africa is the world's second largest continent after Asia. It covers an area of 30,370,000 square kilometer. It is 20.39 % total area of the earth. 

The River Nile is formed from the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria and the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. These rivers meet in Sudan and then go on their long journey northwards towards the sea.

Africa is the most centrally located of all the continents. The prime meridian (the Greenwich meridian) 0^o passes through the Atlas Mountains and cuts through the coast of West Africa close to Accra, while the Equator (latitude 0 degrees) also divides the continent into 2 equal parts North and South.

Cape Agulhas. The southernmost part of the African continent is the former clipper route as named by sailors, but currently, the region is called the Cape Agulhas. This area is not only the southernmost part of Africa but it is also the start of the borderline between the Atlantic and the Indian oceans

Africa is the second largest continent in the world after Asia. Red sea separate the African continent from Asian continent. Red sea is in Indian Ocean. The length of Red sea is 2,250 km and its maximum width is 355 km.

Algeria is the biggest country in Africa by land area. Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area. Africa is the second largest continent in the world and covers 6% of the earth's total surface area.

The Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Suez Canal separate Africa from Asia. The Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar separate Africa from Europe.

Sahara desert is situated in Africa. It is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers an area of 9,200,000 square kilometers. 

The Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,715 mi). It is the only river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi), or 13% of the entire African landmass.

Latitudinal Extent of Africa is $37^0N$ to $35^0S$ whereas the longitudinal extent being $51^0E$ to $16^0W$. It is one of the most populated continent. Also it is the second largest continent measuring about 30.3 million km2 with about 54 countries in it and approximately 3000 native languages.

The Great Rift Valley is a series of contiguous geographic trenches, approximately 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) in total length, that runs from the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon in Asia to Mozambique in southeastern Africa.[1] While the name continues in some usages, it is rarely used in Geology nowadays as it is considered an imprecise merging of separate though related rift and fault systems.

Quercus suber, commonly called the cork oak, is a medium-sized, evergreen oak tree in the section Quercus sect. Cerris is the primary source of cork for wine bottle stoppers and other uses, such as cork flooring and as the cores of cricket balls. It is native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa. 

Seychelles, the smallest country by area (451 square km), is also the least populated sovereign African nation with a population of about 94,228 people.

Latitudinal Extent of Africa is $37^0N$ to $35^0S$ whereas the longitudinal extent being $51^0E$ to $16^0W$. It is one of the most populated continent. Also it is the second largest continent measuring about 30.3 million km2 with about 54 countries in it and approximately 3000 native languages.

There are 54 countries located in Africa. Aside from 54 recognized states, there are two states whose independence is disputed (Western Sahara and Somaliland). The United Nations states that there are 54 countries in Africa. By land area, Algeria is the largest country on the continent.

Grasslands go by many names. In the U.S. Midwest, they're often called prairies. In South America, they're known as pampas. Central Eurasian grasslands are referred to as steppes.

Perhaps the most recognisable of East Africa’s tribes, the Maasai (or Masai or Masaai) are a semi-nomadic tribe in southern Kenya & Tanzania. Although they have their own language, Maa, most can speak both English and Swahili as well. With their pierced, stretched earlobes, ornamental bead-work & vivid, brightly coloured attire, the image of the Maasai warrior watching over his herd is a postcard memory of East Africa.

Thousands of Bushmen lived in the vast expanse of the Kalahari Desert for many millennia. But today most have been moved, many argue forcibly, to government-built resettlement camps far from the reserve. There are an estimated 100,000 Bushmen across southern Africa, mainly in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia.

The Volta River is the main river system in the West African country of Ghana. It flows into Ghana from Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of Burkina Faso. The main part of the river are the Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. In the northwest, the Black Volta forms the international boundaries between the Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Burkina Faso. The Volta flows southward along Akwapim-Togoland highlands, and it empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea at Ada. It has a smaller tributary river, the Oti, which enters Ghana from Togo in the east. The Volta River has been dammed at Akosombo for the purpose of generating hydroelectricity. The reservoir named Lake Volta stretches from Akosombo in the south to the northern part of the country, thus being one of the largest man-made reservoirs in the world

The basin was the watershed of the Congo River populated by pygmy peoples, and eventually Bantu peoples migrated there and founded the Kingdom of Kongo. Belgium, France, and Portugal later established colonial control over the entire region by the late 19th century. The General Act of the Berlin Conference of 1885 gave a precise definition to the "conventional basin" of the Congo, which included the entire actual basin plus some other areas. The General Act bound its signatories to neutrality within the conventional basin, but this was not respected during the First World War.

Tutsis are the tribal group which belong to Central Africa.

Animism is a religion practiced by many tribes of Africa which involves worshiping the nature of god.

Swahili is the most spoken language in Africa, with over 100 million speakers. It is a Bantu language believed to have originated from other languages, mainly Arabic, due to historical interactions between Arabs from the Middle East and East Africans.

Tutsis of Central Africa is known for their epic songs and poetry.

Africa's total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles (30,365,000 square km), and the continent measures about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from north to south and about 4,600 miles (7,400 km) from east to west.

Africa's total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles (30,365,000 square km), and the continent measures about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from north to south and about 4,600 miles (7,400 km) from east to west.

South Africa has a Mediterranean climate.

In addition to being extremely dry, the Sahara is also one of the hottest regions in the world. The average annual temperature for the desert is 86°F (30°C) but during the hottest months temperatures can exceed 122°F (50°C), with the highest temperature ever recorded at 136°F (58°C) in Aziziyah, Libya.

The Sahara desert is in the northern Africa

The great civilization of Egypt grew on the banks of the river Nile.
The tropic of cancer passes through the south of Egypt.
Cairo is the capital city as well as the industrial center.

 The Sahara desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan.

Increased European encroachment ultimately led to the colonization and occupation of South Africa by the Dutch. The Cape Colony remained under Dutch rule until 1795 before it fell to the British Crown, before reverting back to Dutch Rule in 1803 and again to British occupation in 1806.

The Zambezi (also spelled Zambeze and Zambesi) is the fourth-longest river in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa.

The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. 

Other notable falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls, near Sioma in Western Zambia

Drakensberg Mountains are located to the west of  Velds.

Egyptian Cotton , clover, is the major winter forage crop cultivated in the Nile Valley and delta. Various fiber crops, cereals, sugar, legumes, fruits and vegetables are grown in Egypt. The agricultural area of Egypt is contained to regions near the Nile and its delta

In most part of Africa Cocoa picker are also know as Tumbabor.

Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small (4–8 m (13–26 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of the Americas. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.

Cocoa beans, the base for making chocolate, are the seeds of the cacao tree. They are found inside the cacao pods, surrounded by a sweet white pulp. Each pod contains between 20 and 60 cocoa beans.

The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the Equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. 70% of the world's cocoa beans come from four West African countries: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon.

Cocoa production has been the backbone of Ghana’s economy for more than six decades now. The sector employs over a million people throughout the country and remains the major source of livelihood for many people in the country. The government of Ghana spends huge sums of money annually on the purchase and distribution of fertilizers, viable seedlings and other inputs to farmers but the sector is still beset with a lot of challenges that reduce yield significantly annually. 

U.S.A is the largest buyer of Cocoa from Ghana.

Johannesburg is called the 'gold capital of the world'.

'The Ivory Coast supplies 30 percent of the world’s total cocoa, leading the rest of the world by over half a million metric tons with a total crop of 1,448,992 tonnes. Companies like Nestle and Cadbury receive much of their cocoa from the Ivory Coast and Cocoa alone is responsible for almost two-thirds of the trade revenue coming into the nation.'

Masai Mara National Reserve (also known as Maasai Mara, Masai Mara and by the local people as The Mara) is a large game reserve in Narok County.

Kruger National Wetland Park is a huge protected area along the coast of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal Province. The park’s centrepiece is the vast Lake St. Lucia, home to large numbers of hippos, crocodiles, pelicans and flamingos. Elephants, giraffes and leopards inhabit the grasslands and forests of the nearby Western Shores and Charters Creek areas. To the north, Sodwana Bay is known for its colourful coral reefs.

Most of the world's cocoa is grown in a narrow belt 10 degrees either side of the Equator because cocoa trees grow well in humid tropical climates with regular rains and a short dry season.

Cocoa requires deep (porous soil) and well drained soils. Poorly drained soil affects growth of plants. Majority of area under Cocoa cultivation is on clay loam and sandy loam soil. It grows well in the pH range of 6.5 to 7.0.

Cocoa can be grown up to 300 m above mean sea level. It requires a minimum of 90-100 mm rainfall per month with an annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm. The plants need equitable climate with well distributed rainfall.

It was also introduced into the rest of Asia and into West Africa by Europeans. In the Gold Coast, modern Ghana, cacao was introduced by a Ghanaian, Tetteh Quarshie.

Bedouins are nomadic Arab tribes who traditionally inhabit the deserts of the Middle East and North Africa, including the Sahara.

The Veld (or Veldt) refers to the open, uncultivated country or grassland found in Southern Africa, particularly in South Africa.

The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. While polar deserts are technically larger, in common geographic context, the Sahara is the standard answer.

The Zulu people are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa and are the largest ethnic group in South Africa.

Bolivia is not a part of African country.

The Nile is widely recognized as the longest river in the world. While some studies suggest the Amazon might be longer, the Nile remains the standard answer in most academic contexts.

 Johannesburg is also known as the City of Gold, or 'eGoli' because of its beginnings as a gold-mining town, it is known fondly to locals by the shortened 'Joburg', or now more popularly as 'Jozi'."

1. Lake Victoria. Lake Victoria is the largest freshwater body in Africa and the second largest in the world, smaller only than Lake Superior, which is one of North America\'s Great Lakes.

'The highest African mountain is Kilimanjaro, which has three peaks, named Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira, of which Kibo is the tallest.'