Animal world - class-VI

• Animals that lay eggs to produce their offspring are known as oviparous animals
• Birds, reptiles and amphibians are examples of oviparous animals.
• Mammals (including human beings) are an example of viviparous animals as they produce offspring by the development of embryo inside their body, eventually leading to live birth.

Animals giving birth to young ones are called viviparous animals. The egg of these animals typically contains less of yolk insufficient to support the development of the zygote into an embryo. Hence, development proceeds inside the body of the female animal and the fully developed embryo is delivered. Oviparous animals lay an egg. Their egg typically has more amount of yolk and can support the development of the zygote into an embryo. Ovovivipary is an in-between scenario in which eggs are retained till embryo is developed and is then delivered.

Tortoise lays eggs so it is Oviparous and not Viviparous.

There are two types of reproduction: Sexual and Asexual.

Ovipary is the phenomenon in which an adult organisms reproduces and lays eggs which later hatch and give rise to young ones.

Animals which give birth to young ones are known as mammals which are vertebrates.

Cow is a placental mammal. Once it gives birth to a calf it grows outside the cow's body.

In viviparous animals, females give birth to young ones. The development of zygote takes place inside the female's body. Females deliver young ones and the chances of survival of offsprings are more. Mammals (except egg-laying mammals), like whale, shark, mouse, humans are examples of viviparous animals.

So, the correct

answer is 'Sharks'.

Some birds, like cranes, wade in the water. They have long feet and toes. Along with long feet, they are also seen having long necks. As they move around in shallow waters, having long feet helps them in keeping their feathers high above the surface of the water. Thus they are kept dry and don't get wet with water even when the birds search for food inside water. This forms a part of their important adaptive behavior.

Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering on dinosaurs and birds. They provide insulation, the body temperature of most birds is maintained at around 40 C, feathers allow for flight. They may also be plucked to line the nest and provide insulation to the eggs and young. The individual feathers in the wings and tail play important roles in controlling flight.

• The majority of insects and other invertebrates hibernate during the winter, since they do not produce their own body heat like mammals and birds it is too cold for them to be active.
•  However, 10cm under the ground the soil is often a few degrees warmer than the air and many soil animals are still active, including earthworms.
  

Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather but not for self-protection. Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. Migratory birds fly hundreds and thousands of kilometres to find the best ecological conditions and habitats for feeding.

Cattle are highly susceptible to various farm animal diseases, making them a primary focus in veterinary health and livestock management.

• For the regulation of body temperature, there is an internal mechanism called homeostasis, This regulates the internal body temperature in mammals but is absent in plants.
• During winters the polar bears do not undergo hibernation, instead, they remain active. Their body temperature is maintained by the fur-coated on their body which protects them from extreme cold and snow.
• Desert lizards are conformers (They cannot regulate their own body temperature and requires external factors like the sun).
• So, the correct option is ' Polar bears going into hibernation during winter is an example of an escape of area and Desert lizard has a physiological ability to regulate'. 
  

Regulators are those animals that can regulate their body temperature by their own, according to the environment and their need while conformers are those animals that cannot regulate their body temperature and require sun to increase their body temperature. The conformers are also called cold-blooded animals. Some of the examples of conformers are desert lizards, fishes, snakes etc.

• Terrestrial organism conserves water as to them less water is available.
• The urine thus produced is concentrated releasing urea or ammonia.
• Since ammonia needs a lot of water to get released from the body.

• Fish lives only in water because the gills of the fish which act as a respiratory organ, can take oxygen only from water and not from the air. Hence it is necessary for them to live in water. 
• Fertilization is external in most fish species. Large quantities of eggs and sperm are simultaneously released into the water by females and males. This process of egg release is termed spawning.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Fish'.

The Rampur Bushair breed of sheep is native to the regions of Himachal Pradesh and parts of Uttar Pradesh, known for its wool production.

The organs which have the same structure but are involved in performing the different type of functions are known as homologous organs. 

• Polar bears are stenothermal because they can tolerate only a narrow range of temperature and are restricted to specific regions only. On the other hand, eurythermal animals can tolerate a wide range of temperature variations and thus have a wider distribution on earth.
• Archaea are microorganisms that define the limits of life on Earth. They were originally discovered and described in extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents and terrestrial hot springs. 
  
• Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat—oceans, freshwater, damp soil, temporarily moistened rocks in deserts, bare rock, and soil, and even Antarctic habitats, some of the driest and coldest ecosystems on the Earth.
  
• Ectotherms like desert lizards do not use metabolic heat to maintain their body temperature but manage to keep their body temperature fairly constant by behavioural means. They bask in the sun and absorb heat when their body temperature drops below the comfort zone but move in to shade when the ambient temperature starts increasing.
• So the incorrectly matched option is A.
  

Dominance hierarchy is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of a social group interact, to create a ranking system. In social living groups, members are likely to compete for access to limited resources and mating opportunities. In most cases the dominance hierarchy is relatively stable from day to day. 

Nephron is the principal functional unit of the kidney of vertebrates. Its number reaches to one million in each kidney. Filtration of blood occurs in Malpighian body, later is composed of a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus together with the cupped end of the renal tubules,
known as Bowman's capsule.

Maintaining homeostasis, especially thermoregualtion is energetically expensive for many organisms. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintaining a constant internal environment were taken into consideration and thus some species preferred to be conformers.

Amensalism is a negative interaction in which one species is unaffected and other is harmed. In Commensalism one species is unaffected and other is benefited. Whereas in Parasitism and Predation one species is benefited other is harmed, So the correct option is "Amensalism"

(i) bears go into 1-hibernation during winter to 2-escape cold weather (ii) A conical age pyramid with a broad base represents 3-expanding human population (iii) A wasp pollinating a fig flower is an example of 4-mutualism (iv) A area with high levels of species richness is know as 5-hot spot.

(A)Circadian rhythms regulates the sleep wake cycle regulated by the pineal gland in the brain.

The indiscriminate killing of animals disrupts the food chain and ecological interactions, which directly impacts the balance of nature.

Polar bears are large, white bears that like cold climates, fatty meals and long days of hunting. No matter how adorable polar bears look, these animals are not cuddly. In fact, polar bears are ferocious hunters, and they are the biggest carnivores among land animals. Polar bears live in countries that ring the Arctic Circle: Canada, Russia, the United States (in Alaska), Greenland and Norway.  In the winter, temperatures in the Arctic are usually around minus 29 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 34 degrees Celsius) and can reach as low as minus 92 F (minus 69 C). The temperature of the water is frigid, as well, reaching as low as 28 F (minus 2 C), the freezing point of seawater. 

A;Hydrosere - Plant succession occurs in water bodies is called Hydrosere.