Chemical properties and uses of metals and non-metals - class-X

The fine duct of aluminium is used in paints and lacquers. For cutting tools and crushing machines chrome steel is used.

For making cables, automobiles and aeroplane part – nickel steel is used. But copper dust is not used as a reducing agent in the manufacture of dyestuffs and paints. So this second is the mismatch.

Correct option is B.

There are many different types of steels available today. Each type is made with iron combined with different elements including carbon, silicon, and nickel among others. Steel is an important component in every structure, in every type of construction. Therefore Buildings, bridges, skyscrapers, and other types of construction would not be complete if it does not include iron in its framework. 

Aluminium is used in making electrical wires as it is light, cheap and more conductive than copper.

Phosphorus is used for the manufacture of fertilizers.

Strontium element gives crimson red flame and it may be the salt of strontium carbonate which is used in the manufacture of red fireworks and pure strontium is used in the study of neurotransmitter release in neurons.

Given statement is true as chlorine being non-metal used in water purification.

All the above metals are found in body and are required for normal functioning of our body. Iron is found in haemoglobin and myoglobin which are required for oxygen transport in the body. Calcium is found in the structure of bone and teeth. Also plays a role in the growth of nerve cells.

Salt is a food that almost everyone eats throughout the day, and every day. Iodized salt (also spelled iodized salt) is table salt mixed with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine. 

TItanium is known as the space age metal and  is expected to replace most of the metals used around the industries. However, its expensive and difficult mining process is keeping it from being used so commonly as aluminium or steel. Titanium is found to be stronger, durable and corrosion resistive in comparison to steel. It has the highest strength to weight ratio of all the metals. All these properties, along with its light weight, make it an ideal metal for space crafts and military jets. It is also used in making highly water - resistant diving watches.

Chlorine is one of the most commonly used disinfectants for water disinfection. Chlorine can be applied for the deactivation of most microorganisms and it is relatively cheap. Although several methods eliminate disease-causing microorganisms in water, chlorination is the most commonly used. Chlorination is effective against many pathogenic bacteria, but at normal dosage rates it does not kill all viruses, cysts, or worms. When combined with filtration, chlorination is an excellent way to disinfect drinking water supplies.

Cores of pencil are made of graphite which leaves grey or black marks that can be easily erased. Graphite pencils are useful for writing as well as drawing too. 

Mercury is the only liquid. Except mercury all metals are solids at room temperature. Mercury is used for making thermometer.

Titanium, sodium and zirconium metals are used in atomic energy and space science projects.

Tungsten filament represents metallic substance.
Tungsten is a metal. Other examples of metals include iron, copper, aluminium, magnesium, sodium, lead, zinc etc.

An essential non metal used in breathing by all living beings is 'Oxygen'

Iodine is a natural dark violet, non-metallic element that plays a key role in human metabolism. Iodine, for example, is slightly soluble in water and gives a yellowish-brown solution. Brown solutions are also formed with alcohol.
Iodine is usually used in an alcohol solution (called tincture of iodine) or as Lugol's iodine solution as a pre- and postoperative antiseptic. Some people do not recommend disinfecting minor wounds with iodine because of concern that it may induce scar tissue formation and increase healing time.

Chlorine is a non-metal which is used to disinfect water. 

A person working with phosphorus suffers from a disease in which bones decay. It is known as phossy jaw.

Neutral oxides are the oxides which show neither basic nor acidic properties when they react with water and they do not form salts when reacted with acids or bases, e.g., carbon monoxide$ (CO)$,nitrous oxide$ (N _2O)$,nitric oxide $(NO),$ etc., are neutral oxides.

Human body if formed of many non metals Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus and a bit of Chlorine. 
Fertilizers are composed of Nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium-NPK
Crackers are formed of Phosphorous and sulphur.

Silver is used in mirror because its Low-density material so weight is comparatively lesser than the other white coloured metal. Also because of high reflection property of white colour and non-corrosive nature.

Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items

Copper is metal generally mixed with gold while making ornament to strengthen ornaments.

Quick silver is the chemical element mercury$(Hg)$. It was formerly known as hydrargyrum.

The heads of safety matches contain antimony trisulfide $Sb _2S _3$, potassium chlorate, sulfur, powdered glass, inert fillers, and animal glue.

Hence option $B$ is correct.

Germanium metal is used as semiconductor in transistors and various others electronic devices. These days its production for use in semiconductor electronics is a very small fraction, only 2%.

Shielding reduces the intensity of radiation depending on thickness. A quantity known as the halving-thicknesses is used to calculate. The half value layer of lead is 1.0 cm.

The tip of the lead pencil is made up of graphite.

Two major non-metals that enhance the growth of plants as constituents of fertilizers are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen helps in the leaf development and the green color of leaves is due to it. Phosphorus helps in the development of seeds and fruits and also as disease resistant.

There is no lead(element) in pencils. Rather, the core is made up of a non-toxic mineral called graphite. The common name 'pencil lead' is due to a historic association with the stylus made of lead in ancient Roman times.

It is true. Mercury is metal but at room temperature it exit in liquid state so it is use as a thermometric liquid. 

Bromine compounds are effective pesticides, used to prevent pests from attacking stored grain and other produce. Bromine compounds are also used  in photography. Several compounds are used to make the light-sensitive component of a photographic emulsion; without bromine compounds photographs would not capture sufficient light.

Elemental iodine is used as a disinfectant in various forms. It works as an antiseptic and kills not only bacteria but healing cells within the wound. Tincture of iodine is prepared by dissolving iodine in KI solution & then adding alcohol or spirit. It is widely used for treating woods as antiseptic

Phosphorus is most commonly used in crackers. 

Since graphite is a good conductor of electricity, it is used for making electrodes.

The uses of aluminium are:

Metal which is silvery light, malleable and ductile and the boiling point is around $2050 ^\circ C$ is aluminium.

Metals were discovered and starts using approximately 5000 years ago. First metal to be used was the copper. Then after silver and gold. These metals were found in free state in nature.

Metals used to make bullet proof alloy steel is to titanium.

Nitrogen is used by plants for fixation in the form of nitrates. It can also be used by to prepare ammonia which can in turn be used as nitrogen fertilizers. Liquid nitrogen can also be used to prevent food at a very low temperature.

Zinc is used for galvanising iron to protect it from rusting. Using a less reactive metal than iron would allow iron to get in contact with air & moisture somehow which will lead to peeling up of the covering metal. Zinc is used because Zn corrodes faster than Iron protecting the Fe surface from corrosion.

Graphite contains carbon atoms in hexagonal rings, which are joined to form layers. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Since graphite contains free electrons, it is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Carbon in the form of graphite is useful in the preparation of pencils.

Silver, copper and iron were used as currency in olden days.

Metals are available as micro-elements in our body. They are needed for conduction of nerve impulses, to carry oxygen by blood, to facilitate enzyme reactions and more. So, metals are used in medicine to cure any metal deficiency diseases in humans and animals. Ex. iron is a part of haemoglobin a biomolecule. Hence, it is used as ferrous sulphate to cure some forms of anaemia.

Metals like titanium, aluminum, magnesium are widely used in medicine for roles like antacids. They are specially studied under the subject of inorganic chemistry.

Gold has the following uses. It does not rusts and supports health. It gives protection from Sun. So, it is used in making jewellary.

Metals used in ornament making are Gold, Silver as they do not rust quickly and for other reasons of Gold, It is used to make jewellary.

Zirconium (Zr) slightly resembles Titanium (Ti) in poison case. it is also used as poison. It is used in making sand paper and ceramics.

Non-metals which are present in fertilizers and enhance the growth of plants are nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium is a metal. It is also present in fertilizers.

• Over the life of an incandescent light bulb, the filament begins to deteriorate and the particles will settle on the inside of the glass. In return the bulb will take on a grayish appearance and a slight decrease in light output may occur.
  
• For fluorescent bulbs only, the ends will blacken as the bulb is burned. Each time the lamp is turned on and off the emissions material settles on the inside of the glass. Extreme darkening generally indicates the bulb is about to burn out.
  

Hydrogen -- a light and extremely powerful rocket propellant -- has the lowest molecular weight of any known substance and burns with extreme intensity.  In combination with an oxidizer such as liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen yields the highest specific impulse, or efficiency in relation to the amount of propellant consumed, of any known rocket propellant.