Animal cell vs plant cell - class-XI

A plant cell has rigid wall on the outside. It has plastids and a centrally located large vacuole. All of these are absent in an animal cell.

The plastid is the most important double-membrane organelle in the cells of plants and algae and absent in animal cells. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids are cell organelles found in all plant cells and in euglenoids. They bear some specific pigments which impart specific colours to the plants.

• The animal cell is heterotrophic, i.e., cannot synthesize their own food. They have to obtain food from other organisms. 
• Plant cells possess chloroplast using which they can synthesize their own food material, i.e., they are autotrophic. Therefore, their mode of nutrition differs. 

Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. In animal cells, energy is produced from food (glucose) via the process of cellular respiration. The plastid is a major double-membrane organelle found, among others in the cells of plants and algae. These plastids are not present in animal cells.

Plastids are the storage molecules found in plants cells. These are three type of plastids viz. chloroplast(storing photosynthetic pigments), leucoplast(storing food materials). Chromoplast(storing pigment molecules other then photosynthetic pigment).

The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures which are present in both the plant and the animal cells. The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 

Plant cells have cell wall. The cell wall is a non-living layer secreted by protoplasm of the cell that forms a protective covering around the living plasma membrane. It provides rigidity to the plant. Animals lack cell wall hence they show locomotion.

The cell wall are present in the cells of plants, fungal and other organisms. The animal cells lack the cell wall. The mosquitoes have cells with the cell membrane and there is no cell wall. 

A difference between plant cells and animal cells is that most animal cells are round whereas most plant cells are rectangular. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

• The chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) within the thylakoid membranes of the organelle.
• This organelle is present in the green parts of plants where photosynthesis takes place.
• The chlorophyll pigment captures the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy and thus, helps in the process of photosynthesis.
• This organelle is absent in an animal cell.
• So, the correct answer is 'Chloroplasts'.

Plasmodesmata are the channels through the cell wall. They are found only in plant cells. They contain cytosol or cytoplasm which allows a to and fro movement of nutrients and other materials between cells. They help to organize cells in different tissues.

At the later stages of decomposition of cowdung, mesophilic micro-organisms decompose the dung, generating heat from exothermic( process which produces heat) processes; such heat generation is associated with the well known phenomenon of the elevated temperature of composting.

• Plant cells have a cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are not found in animal cells. The cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell. 
• The chloroplasts, found in plant cells, contain a green pigment called as chlorophyll, which captures the light energy that drives the reactions of plant photosynthesis. 

Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in animal and plant cells, but bigger in plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. 
The cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. It is mostly present in plant cells. It supports the contents of the cell and protects from pathogen attack and wear and tear. It is made of cellulose, lignin. 
The nucleus of the cell contains a majority of the cell's genetic material, i.e., DNA in the form of DNA-protein complex, called as chromatin. It is present in both animal and plant cells. 
Animal cells contain centrioles, cylindrical organelles that help in cell division and absent in plant cells. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The cell wall of the plant cell is very rigid, tough and thick covering. It supports the contents of the cell and is made of cellulose and lignin. 
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found mostly in plant cells. They occupy most of the portion of plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. Osmotic pressure and turgidity is maintained by vacuoles. Whereas animal cells lack a cell wall and large sized vacuole.

Vacuoles are storage bubbles which are present in both, animal and plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. Osmotic pressure and turgidity are maintained by vacuoles. Plant cell vacuoles are bigger than animal cells. It occupies most of the part of the plant cell and generally present in the center. 

The centrioles are the organelles present in the animal cells which are required for the formation of spindle fibres during cell division. 

The plant and animals are the eukaryotic cells which divide by mitotic cell division. The various stages of the mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, which are same for all the eukaryotic cells. During telophase, there is the formation of the cell plate in case of plant cells which allows the separation of the two daughter cells. In the case of animal cells, there is pinching of the cell membrane to separate the cells. Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate that starts at the center of the cell and grows outward toward the periphery, eventually fusing with the existing cell wall.

Plant cells contain Chloroplast to carry out function of photosynthesis to create food for it. Animal cells depend on other sources for food as they lack Chloroplasts.

Explanation: In plant cells, central vacuole is larger than all of the other organelles, which makes up to 90% of cell. In animal cells, small vacuoles are present.

In plant cells, central vacuole is larger than all of the other organelles. The central vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle containing water and other enzymes that function during the life of the plant. Structurally, the central vacuole is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer.

Cell Membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support in Animal cells.

Explanation: Unlike a large single vacuole in the centre of plant cells, animal cells can have many vacuoles.

Plant cell and animal cells are mostly similar because both are eukaryotic cells but the only difference is that plant cell contains cell walls, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

Anthocyanin is a red colour, water-soluble pigment found in plant cell vacuoles and cell walls. It is not involved in the process of photosynthesis but serves to attract insects and animals to flowers and fruits. It also serves to protect plant cell from high energy radiations like melanin pigment in animals.

• In an animal cheek cell, the nucleus is located at the center of the cytoplasm. They do not contain a cell wall and a prominent vacuole. Their cytoplasm is denser and granular than plant cells. 
• In a plant cell, the nucleus is located towards the periphery of the cell due to the presence of large vacuole.

• The cell wall is a unique structure present in plant cells. It is found as an outer covering to the plasma membrane. 
• The cell wall is made up of cellulose, pectin, etc, according to whether it is seen in plants, fungi or bacteria.

Plant cell possesses a cell wall while animal cells lack. Plant cells possess chloroplasts while animal cells lack. Plant cells possess single, large vacuole while animal cells possess many, small vacuoles. Plant cells lack centriole while animal cells possess centriole. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The cell wall is hard organelle found outside the cell membrane and is composed of cellulose. The outermost layer of animal cells is plasma membrane. The cell wall is absent in the animal cell.

The plant cell and animal cell differ fundamentally from each other on the basis of the cell wall. The plant cells are surrounded by the cellulosic cell wall while the animal cells lack the cell wall. Apart from the cell wall, the plant cells show the presence of the plastids while the animal cells lack the plastids. Also, there is a large central vacuole present in plant cells while the animal cells either lack the vacuole or there can be many small vacuoles.

All are organelles of plant cells except centrioles. Centrioles only found in animal cells. It involves in the formation of spindle fibres during the cell division to separate chromosomes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.