Nationalism in India, Turkey, Iran, and Arabia (1920s-1940s)

Mohandas Gandhi led the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule using nonviolent civil disobedience, most notably after World War I.

Webb Miller, an American journalist, witnessed the Salt March and his reporting brought international attention to the brutality of British colonial rule in India, significantly aiding Gandhi's cause.

In 1935, the Iranian government requested that the international community refer to the country as Iran, which is the native name for the land, replacing the Western name Persia.

Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, was given the surname 'Ataturk,' meaning 'Father of the Turks,' by the Turkish Parliament in 1934.

Mahatma is a Sanskrit title meaning Great Soul. It was bestowed upon Mohandas Gandhi by his followers and admirers in India.

Abd Al-Aziz Ibn Saud was the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. He unified the various tribes of the Arabian Peninsula to form the kingdom.

Reza Shah Pahlavi was the Shah of Iran (formerly Persia) who modernized the country and asserted its independence in the early 20th century.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. He led the Turkish War of Independence following World War I.

The Amritsar Massacre occurred in 1919 when British troops fired on a peaceful gathering of Indians. It was a turning point in the Indian independence movement.

Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government. Gandhi used this as his primary method for non-violent resistance.