French and Indian War/Beginning of Democracy

Historical accounts, including correspondence from General Jeffrey Amherst, indicate that British officers discussed and implemented the distribution of smallpox-infected blankets to Native Americans during the conflict.

Under the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Britain gained Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River, as well as Florida from Spain.

The Ohio River Valley was disputed territory claimed by both France and Britain. French fort construction there and British attempts to remove them led directly to the war in 1754.

The English Bill of Rights established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarch, specifically regarding lawmaking, taxation, and the right to petition.

The Navigation Acts restricted colonial trade to English ships and ports only. These laws were designed to build England's merchant marine and ensure colonial trade benefited the mother country.

The Albany Plan of Union failed because individual colonies were unwilling to surrender their sovereignty and local control to a central colonial government.

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III following the French and Indian War, prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent further conflict with Native Americans.

Benjamin Franklin was the primary proponent of the Albany Plan of Union, presenting the proposal in 1754 to coordinate colonial defense.

Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, William of Orange and his wife Mary II were invited to take the English throne.

James II was ousted primarily because of his pro-Catholic policies and his attempts to centralize power, which were seen as infringing upon the rights and traditions of English subjects and Parliament.

The House of Lords is the upper house of the British Parliament, historically composed of hereditary peers, bishops, and judges.

The House of Commons is the lower house of the British Parliament, where members are elected by the public.

General Edward Braddock was killed during the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755 when his forces were ambushed by French and Native American troops.

Braddock's expedition was notoriously slow because they had to cut a road through the wilderness to transport heavy artillery and supply wagons.

The Iroquois Confederacy, particularly the Mohawk, generally maintained an alliance with the British during the colonial wars.

The Huron and many other Great Lakes tribes formed a strong trading and military alliance with the French.

New France was characterized by a sparse population focused on the fur trade, relying on a network of forts to control territory, whereas English colonies were more densely populated and agricultural.

Salutary Neglect was the unofficial British policy of lenient enforcement of parliamentary laws, such as the Navigation Acts, intended to keep the American colonies obedient to England.

King James II created the Dominion of New England in 1686 to consolidate the New England colonies under a single royal governor.

The capture of Montreal and Quebec were the decisive military goals for the British to defeat the French in North America.

John Locke was an Enlightenment philosopher who argued that all people possess natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

The skirmish at Fort Necessity in 1754 is widely considered the opening engagement of the French and Indian War.

Under the Treaty of Paris (1763), Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain in exchange for the return of Cuba and the Philippines.

The British Parliament consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by the British government to restrict colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains following the war.

King John of England was forced by his barons to sign the Magna Carta in 1215.